Structure and Function of the Nervous System and Neuroglia

Question 1

Nervous system organisation

Answer 1

The afferent and efferent divisions of PNS each have two sub-divisions as well
A = SENSORY (SOMATIC) STIMULI, VISCERAL
E = SOMATIC NS, AUTONOMIC NS

Question 2

The efferent division of the PNS control “effector organs”

Answer 2

SOMATIC NS > MOTOR NEURONS > SKELETAL MUSCLE
VOLUNTARY
AUTONOMIC NS = SYMPATHETIC AND PARASYMPATHETIC NS > SMOOTH AND CARDIAC MUSCLE , GLANDS
INVOLUNTARY

Question 3

TYPE OF AXONS

Answer 3

ANAXONIC = IN THE BRAIN - DON’T KNOW AXON AND DENDRITE
RECEIVES INFO AND SENDS IT TO A PARTICULAR NEURON
= PROCESSOR
, BIPOLAR = CNS AS INTERNEURONS OR IN BRAIN
, UNIPOLAR = DORSAL SPINAL CORD
, MULTIPOLAR
CAN E 1MM TO 1M LONG

Question 4

DENDRITES

Answer 4

INCREASE NUMBER OF IMPUTS

THROUGH SYNAPSES

Question 5

AP

Answer 5

ACTION POTENTIALS HAVE UNIDIRECTIONAL FLOW

Question 6

SATELITE CELLS

Answer 6

SURROND NEURON CELL BODIES IN GANGLIA,
REGULATE O2, C02, NUTRIENT ANDNEUROTRANSMITTER LVLS AROUND NEURONS IN GANGLIA
IN PNS

Question 7

SCHAWN CELLS

Answer 7

IN PNS

SURROUND ALL AXONS IN PNS, RESPONSIBLE FOR MYELINATION OF PERIPHERAL AXONS, INVOLVED IN INJURY REPAIR

Question 8

OLIOGODENROCYTES

Answer 8

IN CNS
PROVIDE STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK
MYLENATE CNS AXONS

Question 9

ASTROCYTES

Answer 9

IN CNS
MAIN BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER, REGULATE ION, NUTRIENT AND DISSOLVED GAS ABSORBTION, STRUCTURAL FRAMEWORK
ABSORBS AND RECYCLES NEUROTRANSMITTERS
FORMS SCAR TISSUE AFTER INJRUY

Question 10

MICROGLIA

Answer 10

IN CNS

REMOVES CELL DEBRIS, WASTE AND PATHOGENS BY PHAGOCYTES

Question 11

EPENDYMAL CELLS

Answer 11

IN CNS

LINE BRAIN VENTRICLES AND CENTRAL CANAL IN SPINAL CORD, ASSISTS IN REGULATING, MONITORING AND PRODUCING CSF.

Question 12

ROLE OF PROTEINS

Answer 12

proteins make membrane leaky so myelin overcomes it