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CELS191 > Lecture 3 (Macromolecules) > Flashcards

Lecture 3 (Macromolecules) Flashcards

1
Q

What is a macromolecule?

A

Very large molecules built by polymerisation of building blocks

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2
Q

What are the 5 macromolecules?

A 
Proteins
DNA
RNA
complex carbohydrates
lipids
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3
Q

What are the 4 building blocks of cells?

A

Amino acids
Nucleobases
Simple carbohydrates
Lipids

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4
Q

What are the 4 ‘levels’ of carbohydrates?

A

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Oligosaccharides
Polysaccharides

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5
Q

Example of a monosaccharide

A

Hexose, Pentose

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6
Q

How to you build a disaccharide?

A

Combine two monosaccharides together

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7
Q

What are some examples of plant/animal carbohydrates ?

A

Plants: Starch, Cellulose
Animals: Glycogen

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8
Q

What are the two different structures of starch that can exist?

A

Amylopectin - Branched

Amylose - Linear

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9
Q

Functions of Carbohydrates

A

Recognition
Structure
Energy

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10
Q

How is energy stored in the form of a carbohydrate in animals and plants?

A

Plants: starch
Animals: Glycogen

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11
Q

Are lipids polymers?

A

No, they are all individual molecules

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12
Q

Properties of Lipids

A

Individual molecules

Hydrophobic

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13
Q

Functions of Lipids

A

Structural in Cholesterol and Phospholipids
Regulatory - testosterone, estradiol
Energy - triacyglycerol

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14
Q

What is the purpose for Nucleic Acids?

A

They act as information carrying molecules

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15
Q

What are the components makes up a nucleic acid?

A

Phosphate group
Ribose/deoxyribose sugar
Base

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16
Q

What are nucleic acids?

A

Polymers of nucleotides

17
Q

What is the purpose of Proteins?

A

They are the molecules by which cells perform their functions.

18
Q

How do the different amino acids differ?

A

They differ by the side ‘r’ groups.

19
Q

Functions of Proteins

A

Structural support
Transport
Immune
Cell responses

20
Q

What are the two regulatory lipids derived from cholesterol?

A

Testosterone

Estradiol

21
Q

What is the difference between an RNA and DNA nucleotide?

A

They differ by the sugar group. Ribose for RNA and deoxyribose for DNA.

22
Q

How to DNA and RNA polymer structures differ?

A

One is one stranded and the other is double stranded, with a double helix.

CELS191 (15 decks)

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