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Pharmacology COPY > IX - Cardiovascular Drugs > Flashcards

IX - Cardiovascular Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Extended Formula for BP

A

HR x SV x SVR

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2
Q

First-line drug for essential hypertension

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (↓BP by 10-15 mmHg)

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3
Q

Hypertension with co-morbid CHF/DM, SE: cough, angioedema, contraindicated in bilateral renal artery stenosis

A

ACE Inhibitor (Captopril)

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4
Q

ACE inhibitor tolerance

A

ARB (Losartan)

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5
Q

Hypertension with co-morbid BPH

A

Prazosin/Tamsulosin

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6
Q

Pre-eclampsia, maintenance medication, SE: (+) Coomb’s hemolytic anemia

A

Methyldopa

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7
Q

Pre-eclampsia, acute BP lowering, SE: reflex tachycardia, drug-induced lupus

A

Hydralazine

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8
Q

Hypertensive emergency, SE: hypertrichosis

A

Minoxidil

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9
Q

Hypertensive emergency, SE: cyanide poisoning

A

Nitroprusside

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10
Q

Antidote for cyanide poisoning

A

inhaled Amyl Nitrite + IV Na Nitrite + Na Thiosulfate

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11
Q

Part of the ETC affected by cyanide

A

Complex IV (Cytochrome C Oxidase)

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12
Q

Relief of acute anginal attacks, SE: headache

A

Nitroglycerin/ISDN

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13
Q

Angina maintenance medication, VASCULAR > cardiac, SE: flushing, edema, gingival hyperplasia

A

Nifedipine

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14
Q

Angina maintenance medication, vascular < CARDIAC, vasospastic angina, Raynaud’s phenomenon

A

Diltiazem

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15
Q

Supraventricular tachycardia, vascular < CARDIAC, SE: gingival hyperplasia

A

Verapamil

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16
Q

Why do patients taking nitrates usually experience throbbing headaches?

A

meningeal artery vasodilation

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17
Q

Why is Ca-dependent neurotransmission or hormone release not affected by CCBs?

A

CCBs block L-type Ca channels (other channels are N, P & R)

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18
Q

Drugs that cause gingival hyperplasia

A

Nifedipine, Cyclosporine, Phenytoin, Verapamil

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19
Q

Positive inotrope for heart failure, SE: arrythmias (PVC, AVB), red-green color blindness, yellow visual halos

A

Digoxin (foxglove)

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20
Q

Treatment of pulmonary edema in CHF

A

Loop Diuretic (Furosemide)

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21
Q

First-line drug for chronic CHF, cardioprotective

A

ACE-I, ARB

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22
Q

Improves survival in CHF

A

ACE-I, β-Blocker, Aldosterone Antagonist (Spironolactone)

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23
Q

Decreases hospitalization in CHF

A

Digoxin

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24
Q

Improves survival in CHF patients of African-American descent

A

Hydralazine + ISDN

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25
Q

Treatment of all types of arrhythmias, Wolff-Parkinson-White , SE: drug-induced lupus

A

Procainamide (IA)

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26
Q

Arrhythmias, SE: cinchonism (headaches, tinnitus, vertigo)

A

Quinidine (IA)

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27
Q

Post-MI arrhythmias, digitalis arrhythmias, SE: seizures

A

Lidocaine (IB)

28
Q

Refractory arrhythmias, contraindicated post-MI

A

Flecainide (IC)

29
Q

Perioperative and thyrotoxic arrhythmias, SVT

A

Esmolol (II)

30
Q

Arrhythmias, SE: dose-dependent torsades de pointes

A

Sotalol (II)

31
Q

Most efficacious anti-arrhythmic, SE: skin deposits, pulmonary fibrosis, hyper/hypothyroidism

A

Amiodarone (I, II, III, IV)

32
Q

Outpatient management of SVT, SE: gingival hyperplasia

A

Verapamil (IV)

33
Q

Class IA Anti-Arrythmics

A

Quinidine, Procainamide, Disopyramide

34
Q

Class IB Anti-Arrythmics

A

Mexiletine, Tocainide, Lidocaine

35
Q

Class IC Anti-Arrythmics

A

Propafenone, Flecainide, Encainide

36
Q

Anti-Arrythmics: Na-channel

A

Class I

37
Q

Anti-Arrythmics: β-adrenoreceptor

A

Class II

38
Q

Anti-Arrythmics: K-channel

A

Class III

39
Q

Anti-Arrythmics: Ca-channel

A

Class IV

40
Q

AP Duration: Class IA Anti-Arrythmics

A

prolonged

41
Q

AP Duration: Class IB Anti-Arrythmics

A

shortened

42
Q

AP Duration: Class IC Anti-Arrythmics

A

no effect

43
Q

AP Duration: Class II Anti-Arrythmics

A

no effect

44
Q

AP Duration: Class III Anti-Arrythmics

A

prolonged

45
Q

AP Duration: Class IV Anti-Arrythmics

A

no effect

46
Q

ECG: Class IA Anti-Arrythmics

A

prolonged PR, QRS, QT

47
Q

ECG: Class IB Anti-Arrythmics

A

no effect on normal cells

48
Q

ECG: Class IC Anti-Arrythmics

A

prolonged QRS

49
Q

ECG: Class II Anti-Arrythmics

A

prolonged PR

50
Q

ECG: Class III Anti-Arrythmics

A

prolonged QT

51
Q

ECG: Class IV Anti-Arrythmics

A

prolonged PR

52
Q

Drugs that cause agranulocytosis

A

Clozapine, Co-trimoxazole, Aminopyrine, Phenylbutazone, Indomethacin, Tocainide, Colchicine, PTU

53
Q

Amiodarone Toxicity

A

Corneal deposits, Skin deposits, Pulmonary fibrosis, Tremors, Paresthesia, Thyroid dysfunction

54
Q

Why are dihydropyridine CCBs not useful as anti-arrhythmics?

A

facilitate arrhythmias

55
Q

Acts on the PCT, laucome, mountain sickness, SE: NAGMA, hepatic encephalopathy

A

Acetazolamide (carbonic anhydrase inhibitor)

56
Q

Acts on the TAL, pulmonary edema, most efficacious, SE: ototoxicity, hypokalemia, hypocalcemia

A

Furosemide (loop diuretic)

57
Q

Acts on the DCT, SE: hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, hypercalcemia

A

Hydrochlorothiazide (thiazide)

58
Q

Acts on the CCD, SE: gynecomastia, hyperkalemia

A

Spironolactone (aldosterone antagonist)

59
Q

Acts on the PCT, DCT & CCD, rhabdomyolysis, increased ICP, contraindicated in heart failure

A

Mannitol (osmotic diuretic)

60
Q

Causes of HAGMA

A

Methanol, Uremia, DKA, Paraldehyde, Isoniazid, Lactic Acidosis, Ethanol, Salicylates

61
Q

Causes of NAGMA

A

Hyperalimentation, Acetazolamide, Renal Tubular Acidosis, Diarrhea, Ureteral Diversion, Pancreatic Fistula

62
Q

Loop Diuretic Toxicity

A

Ototoxicity, Hepatotoxicity, Dehydration, Allergy to Sulfa, Nephritis, Gout

63
Q

Thiazide Toxicty

A

hyperGlycemia, hyperLipidemia, hyperUricemia. hyperCalcemia

64
Q

Drugs that cause gynecomastia

A

Spironolactone, Digoxin, Cimetidine, Amiodarone, Ketoconazole

65
Q

K-Sparing Drugs

A

Spironolactone, Triamterene, Amiloride, Eplerenone

Pharmacology COPY (25 decks)

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