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ZA - Renal System > Introduction and Gross Anatomy of the Urinary System > Flashcards

Introduction and Gross Anatomy of the Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

What 4 main components is the urinary system made up of?

A

Kidneys Ureters Urinary bladder Urethra

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2
Q

Functions of the urinary system?

A

Filters blood of metabolic waste Regulates electrolytes and BP via RAAS Helps stabilize pH Reabsorption of small molecules Makes erythropoietin

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3
Q

What vertebral level are the kidneys at and explain how they are they peritonised?

A

T12-L3 Retroperitoneal - partially peritonised by the organs around her

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4
Q

Name the posterior relations of the kidneys.

A

12th rib

Subcostal nerve

Right kidney

Iliohypogastric nerve

Ilioinguinal nerve

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5
Q

Structures of the kidney from outer to inner?

A

Cortex Medulla - Pyramid, papilla, minor then major calyx, pelvis then ureter

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6
Q

Name the possible constriction sites of the ureter.

A

1st - ureter passes over inferior renal pole 2nd - Ureter crosses over the external iliac vessels 3rd - ureter traverses the bladder wall

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7
Q

What is the order of vessels that enter the renal hilum from anterior to posterior?

A

VAP Vein, Artery, Pelvis

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8
Q

Explain the blood supply of the kidneys.

A

Renal arteries branch off the aorta Then they split into 5 segmental arteries inside each kidney Then into interlobar Then Arcuate which arcs round the circumference Then interlobular branches which end up supllying each individual nephron

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9
Q

Explain the blood drainage of the kidneys.

A

Renal veins drain into IVC

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10
Q

Where does lymph drain into from kidneys?

A

Lateral aortic lymph nodes

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11
Q

What is the nerve supply for the kidneys?

A

Sympathetic - T10 to L1 spinal nerves Sensory afferent - T11 to L2 spinal nerves

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12
Q

What is the median umbilical ligament a remnant of and where is it found?

A

Embryonic Urachus On the bladder

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13
Q

What is found at the medial umbilical folds?

A

Occluded umbilical artery

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14
Q

What is found at the 2 lateral umbilical folds?

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

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15
Q

What are the parts of the urethra in males in order of start to finish? What general area they found

A

Preprostatic - before prostate Prostatic - at the prostate Membranous - In between prostatic and spongy, is small Spongy - penile urethra

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16
Q

What is the bladder walls made from muscle wise?

A

detrusor smooth muscle

17
Q

What epithelium does the bladder have?

A

Transitional epithelium

18
Q

What does the prostatic urethra receive?

A

Ejaculatory duct

19
Q

Which nerve supply constricts detrusor muscle during micturition?

A

Parasympathetic - rest and digest

20
Q

Which nerve constricts internal urethral sphincter during ejaculation?

A

Sympathetic nerve

21
Q

Which is the narrowest part of the urethra in male?

A

Membranous

22
Q

Transpyloric plane passes through which vertebral level?

A

L1

23
Q

What is a uriniferous tubule?

A

Nephron plus a collecting duct

24
Q

What is a nephron?

A

Renal corpuscles + renal tubules

25
Q

What is a renal corpuscles?

A

Glomerulus + bowmans capsule

26
Q

How does the purified blood go back into circulation?

A

Renal veins

27
Q

Name some common clinical urinary cases.

A

UTIs Glomerulonephritis Kidney stones/renal calculi Kidney failure and dialysis Urinary incontinence

28
Q

What are some important markers of kidney disease?

A

High protein/albumin in urine - proteinuria GFR Increased level of serum creatinine/urea

29
Q

What does this show?

A

Kidney cortex

30
Q

What sort of epithelium is the proximal and distal convoluted tubules and the collecting tubules?`

A

Cuboidal

31
Q

What is this?

A

Kidney medulla

32
Q

What epithelium is the loop of henle made from?

A

Squamous

33
Q

What is this

A

Ureter

34
Q

What epithelium is the ureter

Explain the musclular layout of the ureter

A

Transitional epithelium

A star shaped lumen with inner longitudinal smooth muscle and outer circular smooth muscle

35
Q

What is this? What epithelium is it? Explain the musclulature.

A

Bladder

Transitional

Inner longitudinal, middle circular and outer longitudinal SM

ZA - Renal System (27 decks)

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