Midterm Extras

Question 1

EST ( empirically supported therapies)

Answer 1

which refer to interventions that have been found to be effacious for specific psychological disorders in either randomized controlled trials or systematic within-subject designs, are merely on instantiation of the research leg of the EBP stool.

Question 2

EBP (evidence based practice)

Answer 2

include evidence from the research literature, therapist competnecies and resources , and client preferences, values and context

Question 3

What ar the roles of psychology in EPB

Answer 3

Creator
Practiitoner
Systematic Reviewer

Question 4

Creator

Answer 4

they deisgn, conduct, analze and report research that characterizes the risk factors, course, and causal influences on a wide range of health problems.

Question 5

Practitioner

Answer 5

the psychologist also acquries and parses data about client charachteristics, including developmental course, treament response history, needs, values, and preferences. Additionally, the psychologist as clinican assesses available resources, including his or her own personal training and skill in delivering relevent ESTs.

Question 6

Systematic Reviewer

Answer 6

psychologist use primary reserach that has been created by others to create synthesses that are used by clinicians and policy-makers. They locate the primary research that addresses a practical question, they critically appraise, extract and sythensize the information to provide an answer. Systematic reviewing is itself a sophisticated and evolving form of research methodology that is increasingly becoming the basis for health policies.

Question 7

What are the causes of spurious therapeutic effectiveness

Answer 7

Regression to the mean
Placebo effect
Spontaneous remission
Maturation
Effort Justification
Multiple treatment interference
Absence of knowledge of the hypothetical conterfactual 
Spontaneous remission

Question 8

What are the importnat gaps and limitations in evidence based assessment tools outline in Beidas et al?

Answer 8

• Insufficient diagnostic information
• Insufficent precision fo rintervention monitoring and evaluation
• Little attention to family and interpersonal context
• Ethical considerations

Question 9

What are the qualities of evidence-based assessment tools

Answer 9

Free 
Easily accessble
Brief < 50 items
Attention to validity and the reliability
Relevant for common mental disorders

Question 10

Know the difference between informal/unstructured assessment vs. structured approaches to assessment

Answer 10

• A few studies have queried mental health clinicians about their use of assessment tools, finding that the primary assessment method used in clinical practice is the unstructured clinical interview (Anderson & Paulosky, 2004). Clinicians report that barriers to the use of standardized tools are measure access, time demands, and ease of administration and scoring (Garland, Kruse, & Aarons, 2003; Hatfield & Ogles, 2007; Jensen-Doss & Hawley, 2010).These practical concerns are particularly pressing for feefor-service clinicians in the public sector. It is our hope that the publication of this collection of measures increases the opportunity for clinicians to quickly access a list of available, free, standardized instruments from which to select a battery for screening, diagnosis, and treatment monitoring and evaluation.

The gold-standard diagnostic process is the structured clinical interview (e.g., Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders; SCID; First, Spitzer, Gibbon, & Williams, 1996). The standardized tools presented in this manuscript are not intended as diagnostic tools even if they map on to diagnostic criteria; they are all intended as screeners for potential disorders (sometimes necessitating further assessment) or symptom rating tools. However, the SCID and similar interviews are time-intensive, generally unbillable, and require intensive training for administration. Given these practical concerns, they are not feasible in the public sector.

Question 11

Cultural competence as defined by Soo and Soo

Answer 11

Multicultural counseling competence is defined as the counselor’s acquisition of awareness, knowledge, and skills needed to function effectively in a pluralistic democratic society … and on an organizational/societal level, advocating effectively to develop new theories, practices, policies, and organizational structures that are more responsive to all groups. (p. 46)

Question 12

Cultural self awareness (pomerantz)

Answer 12

When a clinical psychologist attains cultural self-awareness—that is, comes to understand that his or her viewpoint is (like everyone’s) unique and idiosyncratic—several conclusions are within reach (Fouad & Arredondo, 2007). For example, the psychologist may adopt a viewpoint toward clients that is less egocentric and more appreciative of the varying experiences of life