Unit 7 Notes Quiz 1

Question 1

how many people in the census in 1810?

Answer 1

7,240,000 people
20% of the population is black slaves
largest group is kids under 16

Question 2

what did american citizens identify themselves as in 1800

Answer 2

regional identifications: loyalty to n, s, or w instead of american loyalty
led to civil war
stereotypes of people from different places

Question 3

what cities developed bc of trade and commerce near rivers since they can transport

Answer 3

pittsburgh and cincinnati

Question 4

who joined the union in 1803

Answer 4

ohio

Question 5

what was a crucial commercial link in 1800

Answer 5

mississippi river: trade depended on water transportation

Question 6

first president to be inaugurated in the new capital (DC?)

Answer 6

jefferson

Question 7

describe jeffersons personality and stuff

Answer 7

despised formal life/ceremony - liked to read and reflect, very laidback, had informal meetings, didn’t like public speaking/not good at it, excellent architect - designed monticello and uva

Question 8

what did jefferson talk ab in his inaugural address

Answer 8

downplayed difference btw political parties, promised many things: wanted friendships but not alliances, wanted to preserve state power but also believed in constitutional vigor (federal govt’), encouraged both agriculture and industry, honesty, economy, and tried to unify the country

Question 9

jefferson’s cabinet

Answer 9

state - madison (friends, speaker of house)

treasury - gallatin (swiss, understood fed. gov’t)

Question 10

how did jefferson plan to cut the national debt (his top priority)

Answer 10

substantial cuts in budget
closed several american embassies (where diplomats stay) in Europe
slashed military spending (reduced size of army by 50%, got rid of some naval ships)
he also created Army Corps of Engineers and military academy at West Point

Question 11

other reforms made by jefferson

Answer 11

urged congress to repeal all direct taxes (whiskey)
let alien and sedition acts expire - didn’t renew them
new naturalization act passed: goes back to 5 years
bank of US and tariffs continued

Question 12

midnight judges

Answer 12

last minute appointments for judges made by Adams on the night of March 3, 1801, not all were delivered

Question 13

what was jefferson’s reaction to the midnight judges

Answer 13

he was angry and picked Republicans to fill the posts of the people who did not get their commissions in time

Question 14

who was John Marshall

Answer 14

Federalist
Chief Justice
helped court to become an active force (created the Supreme Court the way it is today)
judged marbury v. madison

Question 15

judicial review

Answer 15

power of the Supreme Court to review acts of Congress and the President
it can judge the law: can declare acts or laws unconstitutional
the judicial ranch can check and balance like the other 2 branches

Question 16

who was marbury

Answer 16

one of Adams’ midnight judges appointees that didn’t get the job
named justice of peace in DC
appealed to the Supreme Court for a writ

Question 17

issue before the Supreme Court in Marbury v Madison

Answer 17

should the court issue a writ of mandamus ordering the secretary of state to deliver commissions to marbury and the others who had been denied?

Question 18

what was the decision of the court

Answer 18

they unanimously turned down Marbury’s request for the court order. they wold not order the secretary of state to give it to him

Question 19

effects of marbury v madison

Answer 19

became a landmark case (Feb 1803)
declared part of the Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional (first time they did that)
court assumed right of judicial review

Question 20

referring to officeholders who have not been reelected and so serve the remainder of their term in office w little backing or authority

Answer 20

lame duck

Question 21

official document authorizing certain duties and powers

Answer 21

commission

Question 22

in law, a formal, written request to a court asking for a specific action

Answer 22

petition

Question 23

a court order requiring a gov’t official to carry out his or her official duty

Answer 23

writ of mandamus

Question 24

difficult choice btw two relatively equal options

Answer 24

dilemma

Question 25

the authority of a court to be the first to hear and decide a case

Answer 25

original jurisdiction

Question 26

the right of a court to hear a case “on appeal” after the original court has acted

Answer 26

appellate jurisdiction

Question 27

how did jefferson attempt to change the courts

Answer 27

impeachment: he wanted to get rid of Federalists in courts since justices were appointed for life

Question 28

samuel chase impeachment

Answer 28

he went out of his way to denounce Republicans, so they tried to impeach him; however these were purely political

Question 29

effect of chase

Answer 29

if he had been found guilty, any difference btw party in power and political opponents could lead to impeachment