Lecture 1: Human Brain

Question 1

Label the brain with the major landmarks

Forebrain, midbrain and hindbrain components?

Question 2

Frontal association cortex?

Answer 2

1. intelligence
2. personality
3. behavior
4. mood
5. cognitive function

Question 3

Parietal association cortex?

Answer 3

1. spatial skill
2. 3D recognition

Question 4

Temporal association cortex?

Answer 4

1. Memory
2. mood
3. agression
4. intelligence

Question 5

Types of aphasia and signs?

Answer 5

Broca’s/non-fluent - understand but can’t verbally respond but can make a written response

Connectional aphasia - Issue with the arcuate fasciculus that means the response is well structured but inappropriate

Wernike’s/fluent aphasia - common from middle cerebral artery blockage meaning you can’t understand.

Question 6

Broca’s and Exener’s area?

Answer 6

Broca’s is in the planning area and involved with planning a verbal response and then transferring this to the PMC

Exener’s area also in the planning area but this time is involved with writting things down and is connected to PMC and also the supramarginal gyrus. Found on the LHS ONLY

Question 7

Non-dominant hemispere function?

Answer 7

1. non-everbal language
2. emotional expression
3. spatial skills
4. conceptual understanding
5. artistic and musical appreciation

Someone with an issue with speaking can often still sing well as it is controlled by a different area.

Question 8

Organisation of the primary cortices?

Answer 8

PMC and PSC = somatotopically

PAC = tonotopically

PVC = Visuotopically

ALL ARE CONTRALATERAL

Question 9

3 types of fibres found in brain?

Answer 9

Association fibres (eg. arcuate fasciculus)

Commissural fibres (eg. corpus callosum)

Projection fibres (eg. internal capsule)

Question 10

Different types of cortex and divider?

Answer 10

allocortex containing usually 3 layers is seperated from the 6 layer neocortex by the rhinal or collateral sulcus

Question 11

Layers of the neocotex?

Answer 11

1. molecular
2. external granular
3. external pyramidal
4. internal granular
5. internal pyramidal
6. multiform

Question 12

distribution of the cerebral arteries?

Answer 12

Question 13

Artery most likely to be affected by strokes and atherosclerosis?

Other issues with cerebral arteries?

Answer 13

middle cerebral artery - hence the importance of wernicke’s aphasia as the middle cerebral artery supplies this area.

Any junction is prone to a berry aneurysm leading to a sub-arachnoid haemorrhage (50% die before making it to hospital)