Muscles of the Upper Limb

Question 1

List the 5 Functions of Skeletal Muscles

Answer 1

1. Produce skeletal movement
2. Maintain body position
3. Support soft tissues
4. Guard body openings
5. Maintain body temperature

Question 2

List the 2 main categories of contraction

Answer 2

1. Isotonic

2. Isometric

Question 3

Isotonic Contraction

Answer 3

• muscle shortens

- concentric or eccentric

Question 4

Isotonic Contraction - concentric contraction

Answer 4

muscle tension > resistance

Question 5

Isotonic Contraction - Eccentric Contraction

Answer 5

muscle tension < resistance

Question 6

List the 4 functional groups of skeletal muscles

Answer 6

1. Prime Movers
2. Antagonists
3. Synergists
4. Fixators

Question 7

Prime Movers

Answer 7

provide major force for a specific movement

Question 8

Antagonists

Answer 8

oppose or reverse a particular movement

- provides resistance and slows down movement

Question 9

Synergists

Answer 9

• add force to movement

- reduces undesirable movement

Question 10

Fixators

Answer 10

synergists that immobilise a bone or muscle origin

Question 11

List the 2 divisions of the muscular system

Answer 11

1. Axial muscles

2. Appendicular Muscles

Question 12

list the 5 major nerves that innervate the arm

Answer 12

1. Axillary nerve
2. Musculocutaneous nerve
3. Median nerve
4. Ulnar Nerve
5. Radial Nerve

Question 13

Brachial Plexus

Answer 13

large network of nerves situated in the neck and axilla and gives rise to the upper limb

Question 14

list the 3 prime movers of the arm

Answer 14

1. pectoralis major
2. latissimus dorsi
3. deltoid

Question 15

Pectoralis Major - action

Answer 15

medial rotation of arm

arm adduction

Question 16

Deltoid - action

Answer 16

• extension

- lateral arm rotation

Question 17

List the 4 Rotator Cuff Muscles (SITS)

Answer 17

1. Supraspinatus
2. Infraspinatus
3. Teres Minor
4. Subscapularis

Question 18

list the 4 anterior compartment muscles of the forearm

Answer 18

1. Brachialis and Biceps Brachii
2. Brachioradialis
3. Pronator Quadratus
4. Pronator Teres

Question 19

list the 2 posterior compartment muscles that move the forearm

Answer 19

1. triceps brachii (prime mover of forearm extension)

2. Supinator (assists in supination)

Question 20

List the anterior compartment flexors of the hand

Answer 20

1. Flexor Carpi Radialis
2. Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
3. Palmaris Longus

Question 21

List the posterior compartment extensors of the Hand

Answer 21

1. extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

2. extensor carpi ulnari

Question 22

Forearm muscles moving the hand and fingers or thumb (6)

Answer 22

1. flexor digitorum superficialis
2. flexor digitorum profundus
3. flexor pollicis longus
4. extensor digitorum
5. Extensor pollici longus and braves
6. Abductor pollicis longus

Question 23

List the 4 Thenar Muscles

Answer 23

1. Abductor pollicis brevis
2. Adductor Pollicis
3. Flexor pollicis brevis
4. Opponens pollici

Question 24

List the 3 Hypothenar muscles

Answer 24

1. Abductor digiti minimi
2. Flexor Digiti minimi brevis
3. Opponens digiti minimi

Question 25

Lumbricals

Answer 25

midpalm muscles that flex fingers at the knuckles and extend fingers at interphalangeal joints

Question 26

Palmar Interossei

Answer 26

muscles between the metacarpals that adduct the fingers

Question 27

Dorsal Interossei

Answer 27

muscles between the metacarpals (deep to palmar interossei) that abduct fingers