Muscles. 2

Question 1

GLUTEUS MAXIMUS

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 1

Origin:
1. Posterior surface of ilium and sacrum
2. Lateral aspect of coccyx
3. Sacrotuberous ligament
4. Aponeurosis of erector spinae
5 gluteus medius facia

Insertion:
Superficial fibres: iliotibial trackt of fascia lata
Deeper fibres: gluteal tuberosity of the femur

Nerve:
Inferior gluteal nerve L5, S1, S2

Action: extension of femur. assist lateral rotation femur. Maintaining upright posture

Question 2

GLUTEUS MEDIUS

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 2

Origin:
External surface of ilium between anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Insertion:
Supero-lateral surface of greater trochanter of femur

Nerve:
Superior gluteal nerve L4, L5, S1

Action:
Abducts femur at hip joint. Prevents pelvic drop when walking. Medially rotates thigh.

Question 3

GLUTEUS MINIMUS

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 3

Origin:
External surface og ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines

Insertion:
Antero-superior aspect of greater trochanter of femur.

Nerve:
Superior gluteal nerve L2, L5, S1

Action:
Abducts femur at hip joint. prevents pelvic drop. medially rotates thigh.

Question 4

TFL
(Tensor Facia Lata)

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 4

Origin:
Lateral iliac crest between ASIS and tubercle of crest

Insertion:
Iliotibial trackt of fascia lata which attaches to the lateral condyle of the tibia

Nerve:
Superior gluteal nerve L4, L5

Action:
Extension of knee. Assists in medial rotation of thigh. Flexes and abduct hip. Sabilitate pelvis and femur under weighted.

Question 5

SARTORIUS

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 5

Origin:
ASIS

Insertion:
Proximal medial tibia

Nerve:
Femoral nerve L2, L3

Action:
Flexion, avduction and lateral rotation of thigh, and flexes knee. Medial rotation of tibia and femur.

Question 6

QUADRICEPS

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 6

Origin:
RECTUS FEMORIS: AIIS and ilium just above acetabulum

VASTUS LATERALIS - femur: lateral intertrochanteric line, greater trochanter, lateral gluteal tuberosity, lateral linea aspera

VASTUS MEDIALIS - femur: medial intertrochanteric line, pectineal line, medial linea aspera, medial supracondylar line

VASTUS INTERMEDIUS - femur: upper 2/3 of anterior and lateral femur.

Insertion:
Quadriceps femoris tendon, border of patella, trough patella ligament to tibial tuberosity.

Nerve:
Femoral nerve L2,3,4

Action:
Extension of knee
Rectus femoris: flexes the thigh.

Question 7

ILIOPSOAS

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 7

Origin:
Psoas major: posterior abdominal wall. Lumbar TVP’s and IVD’s, and t12-L5 vertebral bodies

Iliacus: posterior absominal wall and iliac fossa

Insertion:
Lesser trochanter of femur

Nerve:
Psoas: anterior rami L1-3
Iliacus: Femoral nerve L2-4

Action:
Flexes thigh at hop joint

Question 8

HAMSTRINGS

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 8

Origin:

1. Biceps femoris - long head= ischial tuberosity, short head= lateral linea aspera
2. Semitendinosus- ischial tuberosity
3. Semimembranosus- ischial tuberosity

Insertion:

1. Biceps femoris- head of fibula
2. Semitendinosus- medial surface of proximal tibia (pes anserinus)
3. Semimembranosus- posteromedial aspect og media tibia condyle

Nerve:
Sciatic nerve L5-S2

Action:
Extension, lateral and medial rotation of hip. Flexion and medial rotation of knee.

Question 9

PIRIFORMIS

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 9

Origin:
Anterior surface of sacrum

Insertion:
Superior border of the greater trochanter

Nerve:
Branches L5-S2 of sacral plexus

Action:
Lateral rotation of hip. Abducts flexed hip

Question 10

POPLITEUS

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 10

Origin:
Posterior surface of proximal tibia

Insertion:
Lateral femoral condyle

Nerve:
Tibial berve L4, L5, S1

Action:
Stabilize knee joint. Medial rotation of tibia, or lateral rotation of femur.

Question 11

GASTROC - SOLEUS

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 11

Origin:
1. Gastrocnemius- medial head= posterior surface of dustal femur, superior to medial condyle.
Lateral head= upper posterolateral surface of lateral femoral condyle
2. Soleus posterior- posterior 1/3 of fibula and soleal line of tibia

Insertion:
Posterior surface of calcaneus via calcaneal tendon (achilles)

Nerve:
Tibial nerve S1, S2

Action:
Plantar flexion of foot and flexion of knee

Question 12

TIBIALIS ANTERIOR

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 12

Origin:
Upper 2/3 of the lateral tibia and adjacent interosseous membrane

Insertion:
Medial surface of the medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal

Nerve:
Deep peroneal nerve L4, L5

Action:
Dorsiflexes and inverts foot

Question 13

TIBIALIS POSTERIOR

Muscle test
Origin insertion
Nerve
Action

Answer 13

Origin:
Interosseous membrane, posterior surface of tibia and posterior fibula surface + posterior facia

Insertion:
Navicular tubercle and medial cuneiform with tendinous expansions to all of the tarsal bones (except talus) and bases of the midle 3 metatarsals.

Nerve:
Tibial nerve L4, L5

Action:
Inversion and plantarflexion of foot. Support of medial arch of foot during walking