HIV & AIDS

Question 1

Who has a greater chance of transmitting HIV?

Answer 1

Men; explains the higher proportion of the virus amongst MSM.

Question 2

What immunological change, caused by HIV, predisposes the individual to viral infections?

Answer 2

Reduced Tc cell activation

Question 3

State 5 signs and symptoms associated with the primary infection of HIV

Answer 3

• Fever
• Maculopapular rash (markedly on the trunk)
• Myalgia
• Pharyngitis
• Headache

Question 4

State 3 conditions which arise commonly in HIV patients from highest CD4 count to lowest

Answer 4

• Pneumocystis pneumonia
• Cerebral toxoplasmosis
• Cytomegalovirus

Question 5

What is HAART and what does it involve?

Answer 5

Highly active anti-retroviral therapy; a combination of 3 drugs from at least 2 drug classes to which the virus is susceptible.

Question 6

HAART has been shown to be very effective; state 2 of its benefits

Answer 6

• Reduce viral load to undetectable

- Restore immunocompetence

Question 7

When would a vaginal delivery be a viable option in a woman with HIV?

Answer 7

If the viral load was undetected

Question 8

What 2 precautionary measures should be undertaken for the baby post birth?

Answer 8

• PEP for 4/52

- Exclusive formula feedings due to risk of transmission in breast milk