HEENT Flashcards
What is age-related sicca syndrome (ARSS)?
Also called age-related dry eye syndrome. Due to atrophy of exocrine glands with aging that leads to decreased output from lacrimal and salivary glands
What is amaurosis fugax?
Characterized by painless, rapid, and transient (<10 minutes) monocular vision loss. Like a “curtain” descending over visual field.
What is the most common etiology for amaurosis fugax?
Usually due to atherosclerotic emboli originating in the ipsilateral carotid artery. Should be evaluated with duplex ultrasound of the neck
How does age-related macular degeneration present?
Progressive, bilateral loss of central vision
What eye condition causes distortion of straight lines such that they appear wavy?
Macular degeneration
What is the leading cause of blindness in industrialized countries?
Macular degeneration
How does the cup:disc ratio change in open angle glaucoma?
Enlarges to >0.6 (normal is <0.5)
What is enlarged blind spots indicative of?
Papilledema
What is a hordeolum vs a chalazion?
Hordeolum = stye (usually due to Staph aureus).
Chalazion is due to chronic, granulomatous inflammation of a meibomian gland and appears as a hard, painless lid nodule
What conditions is episcleritis most associated with?
RA and IBD
What is sialadenosis?
Enlargement of the submandibular glands often secondary to advanced liver disease (can also be seen in diabetes and bulimia). Due to abnormal autonomic innervation of the glands. Benign.
What are the fundoscopic findings in central retinal artery occlusion?
Retinal pallor, and a cherry-red spot in the foveal region.
What are the fundoscopic findings in central retinal vein occlusion?
Focal retinal hemorrhage instead of a white, pale retina.
What is the most common predisposing factor for vitreous hemorrhage?
Diabetic retinopathy
