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Infection > Influenza > Flashcards

Influenza Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of influenza?

A

A, B and C

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2
Q

Can you have immunity to Influenza?

A

Yes, but only to the strain that you have already had

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3
Q

What is the incubation and infective period?

A

1-4 days

7 days

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4
Q

In terms of how the disease takes hold, what is the function os Haemagglutinin

A

Facilitated viral attachment and entry into the host cell

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5
Q

What is the function of the viruses Neuraminidase

A

Enables new viron to be released form the host cells

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6
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

This is the mechanism of genetic variation of the disease causing slight changes in the antigen properties and there means that the immune system fails to recognise the invasion

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7
Q

Because of antigenic shift what do we need every year?

A

New vaccines

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8
Q

What are the 3 characteristics of seasonal flu?

A

Occurs every winter
10-15% of the population
Very unpleasant but not life threatening

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9
Q

What re the 3 features of pandemic flu?

A

Occurs sporadically
Affects 25% of the population
More serious and complications

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10
Q

What groups of patients are at high risk of complications?

A 
Pregnant women 
Children 
Elderly 
Chronic medical conditions 
Healthcare workers
Immunosupressive agents 
Steroids
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11
Q

What are the classical symptoms of flu?

A 
Headache
Cough 
Sore throat
Rhinorrhea
Myalgia
Malasie
N+V and diarrhoea
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12
Q

How is influenza transmitted?

A

By respiratory droplet in the air

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13
Q

What is a complication presentation?

A

Encephalitis Lethargica = fever and headache, ophthalmoplegia, lethargy and sleep reversal - type A

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14
Q

What are your investigations for this condition?

A 
Viral nose and throat swab with a rapid Influenza Diagnostic test or PCR
Blood cultures
CXR
Pulse oximetry 
RR, HR
U&E, FBC
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15
Q

What scoring system are you going to use for influenza?

A 
CURB 65
Confusion
Urea >7
RR >30
BP systolic <90 
Age 65 and over
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16
Q

What are the symptoms of secondary bacterial pneumonia?

A

Flu for more than 4 days - urgent CXR

and risk assessment as described

17
Q

What re the major complications of Influenza?

A 
Bronchitis
Pneumonia 
Sinusitis 
Ottitis media
Encephalitis 
Pericarditis
18
Q

What is the treatment of mild influenza?

A

Bed rest and paracetamol

19
Q

What drug class can be used in influenza?

A

Neuraminidase inhibitors

20
Q

Give 2 example of NI’s and their prescriptions

A

OSELTAMIVIR - every 12hrs for 5 days

ZANAMIVIR -dry inhaler powder 10mg daily for 10 days

Infection (12 decks)

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