Lecture 9 - nasal diseases (specht)

Question 1

__ is very UNCOMMON as a primary nasal dz

Answer 1

bacterial rhinitis

it is a very common SECONDARY complication; evaluate for underlying dz

(exceptions bordatella, mycoplasma, chlamydiophila can cause primary bact nasal rhinitis)

Question 2

__ is more common cause primary rhinitis

Answer 2

fungal; crytococcus neoformans, aspergillus fumigatus

Question 3

most common fungal dz of cats that can cause facial deformity, ucleration, visible masses, “roman nose”

Answer 3

crytpococcosis

Question 4

dx crytpococcus in cat

Answer 4

serology; latex agglutination test for ag (non-invasive test to tell you there is fungus)

cytology of nasal d/c

Question 5

most common nasal fungus in dogs

Answer 5

aspergillosus fumigatus

Question 6

prognosis for dogs after first topical treatment for nasal asper

Answer 6

80% cure

Question 7

very common contagious URI in young, old or IS cats

Answer 7

feline URI/feline infectious resp dz

hx of exposure to other cats, fomites, not all cats are symptomatic

Question 8

most common infectious agents in feline URI

Answer 8

Herpes
calici
chlamydiophilus

Question 9

corneal ulceration and conjunctivitis in a young cat

Answer 9

herpesvirus

Question 10

oral ulceration and pneumonia in a young cat

Answer 10

calicivirus

Question 11

conjunctivitis in young cat

Answer 11

chlamydiophilus

Question 12

__ % of cats remain persistently infected with feline URI

Answer 12

80

Question 13

dx feline URI

Answer 13

often presumptive

can do PCR

Question 14

tx for contagious feline URI

Answer 14

self-limiting dz
Supportive care PRN; hydration, cleaning
nebulization and decongestants PRN
+/- ab if bacterial component (chlamydia, mycoplasma, severe secondary bact)

Question 15

__ are contraindicated in acute feline contagious URI bc they increase viral shedding

Answer 15

steroids

*in chronic cases steroids could help with secondary inflammation

Question 16

90% of feline UR caused by

Answer 16

feline herpes virus 1 (feline rhinotracheitis virus)

feline calicivirus

Question 17

common in older animals, usually slow onset, chronic and progressive

Answer 17

nasal tumors; most are malignant

Question 18

tx of choice for most nasal tumors

Answer 18

malignant:
RT
palliative (NSAIDs, ab)

benign:
sx excised

Question 19

mucopurulent to hemorrhagic unilateral nasal d/c with concurrent dental dz

Answer 19

tooth root abscess/oronasal fistula

dx: dental rads, oral exam

Question 20

acute sneezing that improves followed by unilateral nasal d/c that is waxing/waning

Answer 20

nasal FB

dx: imaging, flushing

Question 21

very young animal that is often dysphagic and may have food from nares

Answer 21

congenital abnorm (cleft palate, NP stenosis, stenotic nares)

Question 22

parasite that causes sneezing, reverse sneezing, SEROUS nasal d/c

Answer 22

nasal mites (pneumonyssoides caninum) parasitic rhinitis

Question 23

nasal mite

Answer 23

pneumonyssoides caninum

Question 24

sneezing cat with nasal d/c, swelling, and deformation that may blow bubbles from nose and has a hx of poking nose in rabbit burrows/lives in warm climate

Answer 24

cuterebra parasitic rhinitis

Question 25

non-nasal causes of epistaxis

Answer 25

primary bleeding disorder
hypertension
cushing’s

Question 26

SE of nasal trephenation

Answer 26

~20% failure/relapse
will see gross d/c for few days 
risk of aspiration
caustic to mm 
trephinate wrong area
local irritation to skin/SC 
if cribriform is compromised can have CNS signs 
bleeding