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GI > Drug Treatment > Flashcards

Drug Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of laxatives?

A

Bulk
Osmotic
Stimulant
Softeners

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2
Q

What is the purpose of laxatives?

A

Increase bulk of stool/ draw fluid back into the gut

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3
Q

How are laxatives administered?

A

Can be oral/ rectal admin

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4
Q

What are the requirements for laxative use?

A

No obstruction eg./ IBS- perforation
High fluid intake (if osmotic)
NOTE- addiction is common

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5
Q

How is acid produced in the gut?

A

Acid is secreted from parietal cells and is regulated by acetylcholine, histamine, gastrin and inhabited by somatostatin.
Gastrin is released from G Cells (endocrine) it independently stimulates activity of parietal cells as well stimulating histamine to act on H2 cells.
Acetylcholine also acts independently on M1 cells and on histamine
These 3 mediators stimulate activity of the proton pump exchanging K for H (out)

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6
Q

How do Proton Pump Inhibitors affect acid production? Give-

  • Function
  • Example
  • Use
  • Route Given
  • Any contraindications/ side effects
A

They REDUCE acid production (by stopping the KHpump turning)
eg./ Omeprazole
Useful in GORD, peptic ulcers + H.pylori treatment
Can be given orally of IV (active bleed)
-ves- GI upset, C.Diff, hypermagnesemia, b12 deficiency

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7
Q

What do antacids affect acid production?

A

They have NO EFFECT on acid production but neutralise gastric acid- help symptoms only
eg./ Maalox (Mg/ Al)

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8
Q

How do H2 receptor antagonists affect acid production?Give-

  • Function
  • Example
  • Use
  • Route Given
  • Any contraindications/ side effects
A

They REDUCE acid secretion by blocking the histamine receptor on H2 cells
eg./ Ranitdine
Used in GORD + peptic ulcers
Can be given orally/ IV

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9
Q 
How do Alginates affect acid production?
Give-
-Function
-Example
- Use
A

They have NO EFFECT on acid production but form a viscous gel the floats on the stomach
eg./ Gaviscon
Used to prevent acid reflux

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10
Q

What adverse drug reactions are common with GI medication?

A

GI upset, diarrhoea, constipation

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11
Q

How do you stop a patient having a GI bleed/ Ulcer as a result of medication?

A

Stop warfrin and give NOACS (new anticoagulants) instead

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12
Q

What is the function of prokinetics in GI pathology?

A

Increase motility and gastric emptying
Parasympathetic NS control of smooth muscle + sphincter tone (relaxes gastro-duodenal sphincter)
eg./ Domperidone (dopamine antagonist- Long QT syndrome)

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13
Q

What is the function of Loperamides eg. Immodium

A 
Decrease smooth muscle contraction + inc anal sphincter tone 
Decrease motility (anti-diarrhoea) via blocking opiate receptors- dec ACh release
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14
Q

What is the function of anti-spasmodics in GI pathology?

A

Used in IBS and renal colic (urinary calculi)
Types-
1. Direct smooth muscle relaxants
2. Anti-cholinergic muscarinic antagonists eg./ buscopan
3.CCBs

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15
Q

What is the function of Calcium Channel Blockers (CCBs) in GI pathology?

A

Anti-Spasmodics, block channels so muscle contracts less

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16
Q

What classes of drugs are used in IBD treatment? (UC,Chrons)

A

Aminosalicytes
Corticosteroids
Immunosupressants
Biologics

17
Q

What are aminosalicytes?

A

Anti-inflammatories used in the treatment of IBD
eg./ Mesalazine
Given oral/ rectal
-ves- GI upset, blood, dyscrasia, renal impairment, allergy

18
Q

What are corticosteroids?

A

Anti-inflammatories used in the treatment of IBD
Given Oral/ Rectal/ IV
-ves- osteoporosis, cushingoid syndrome, inc infection susceptibility, addisonian crisis- hypotensive + hypoglycaemic

19
Q

What are immunosuppressants?

A

Treatment of IBD
eg./ Azathioprine
Steriod sparing
prevents during formation (no new DNA synthesis)= dec in immune cell proliferation
-ves- bone marrow suppression, organ damage

20
Q

What are biologics?

A

Treatment of IBD
Anti TNF⍺ antibodies eg./ Infiximab
-ves- Fever, Itch, Anemia, neutropenia, demyelination + malignancy
Contraindications- TB (+ve), Pregnant, Breast Feeding, MS

21
Q

What classes of drugs affect biliary secretions?

A

Cholestyramines

Ursodeoxycholic Acid

22
Q

What is the affect of cholestyramines?

A

Biliary Secretions- Reduce bile salts by binding them in the gut and excreting them as an insoluble complex.
-ves- Affects excretion + absorption of other drugs. Affects fat sol via K levels (clotting)

23
Q

What is the affect of ursodeoxycholic Acid?

A

Inhibits enzyme that forms cholesterol- dissolves calcified stones

GI (6 decks)

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