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LA Sx scs RUSVM > E2: OCD, Arthrosopy, Arthrodesis > Flashcards

E2: OCD, Arthrosopy, Arthrodesis Flashcards

1
Q

______ is a process of abnormal bone and cartilage formation. _______ are lesions that penetrate the joint surface, creating inflammation and effusion.

A

Osteochrondrosis

Osteochonritis dissecans (OCD)

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2
Q

What’s this?

A

Flap formation (OCD)

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3
Q

Do cyst-like changes with OCD occur in younger or adult horses?

A

Younger

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4
Q

Ar emales or females more commnly affected by OCD?

A

Males

2:1 ratio

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5
Q

What is the laymans term for synovial effusion of the tarsal crural joint?

A

Bog spavin

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6
Q

What joint is the most commonly affected with OCD? 2nd most common? 3rd?

A

Tibiotarsal joint (Hock)

Stifle

Fetlock

Rare: cervical vertbrae, shoulder

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7
Q

What part of the hock is most commonly affected by OCD? 2nd most common? 3rd?

A

Distal intermediate ridge of the tarsus

Lateral tochlear ridge

Medial trochlear ridge

Rare: medial malleolus, lateral malleolus

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8
Q

What is affected by OCD here?

A

Distal intermediate ridge of the tibia

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9
Q

What is affected by OCD here?

A

Laterla trochlear ridge

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10
Q

What part of the stifle is most commonly affected by OCD?

A

Lateral trochlear ridge

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11
Q

Where on the stifle does cyst formation occur with OCD?

A

Medial femoral condyle

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12
Q

What is the best way to treat an OCD lesion?

A

Rest

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13
Q

T/F: Small capilaries divide the hyaline cartilage of joints.

A

False, asvascular

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14
Q

T/F: Cracks in cartilage are painful.

A

False, no nerves in cartilage

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15
Q

What type of collagen gives joints their mechanical strength?

A

Type II

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16
Q

What produces PSGAG, collagen II, and HA?

A

Chondrocytes

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17
Q

T/F: There is a risk for tumor formation if embryonic stem cells are no fully directed into a differentiated cell type before surgical implantation.

A

True

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18
Q

T/F: Any nucleated somatic cell in the body can theoretically be reprogrammed using iPS (induced pluripotent stem cells)
techniques.

A

True

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19
Q

Are ES or iPS cells less prone to immunorejection?

A

iPS

*Since they can be patient-derived
or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class 1-matched for compatibility*
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20
Q

Is the risk for tumor formation higher with ES or iPS cells?

A

iPS

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21
Q

_____-binding protein has been used in nearly all cellular reprogramming
strategies.

A

Octamer

  • aka OCT 3/4*
  • Homeodomain transcription factor encoded by the gene POU5F1*
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22
Q

Propagation of pluripotent cells follows the basic principles of routine tissue culture,
requiring a humidified, temperature-controlled environment with supplemental _____ ______.

A

Carbon dioxide

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23
Q

What type of collagen is found in fibrocartilage?

A

Type I

24
Q

This instrument is used for arthroscopic procedures. What is it?

A

(Ferris-Smith) Rongeurs

25
Q

What is this and what is it used for?

A

Egress cannula

Flushing the joint during arthroscopy

26
Q

What is indicated by this appearance of the joint surface?

A

Inflammation

Hyperemia

27
Q

Normal or abnormal? If abnormal, describe .

A

Normal

28
Q

Normal or abnormal? If abnormal, describe .

A

Abnormal

Fibrillation

Exposed collagen type II fibers

29
Q

Normal or abnormal? If abnormal, describe .

A

Abnormal (more severe)

Erosion

Wear lines

30
Q

What bones are outlined in green and blue?

A

Green: Intermediate carpal bone

Blue: Ulnar carpal bone

31
Q

The preferred instrument for equine arthroscopy is

a. 2.2mmsteight-head-view needlescope
b. 4mm Odeg arthroscope
c. 4mm 30deg arthroscope
d. 4mm 25deg arthroscope
e. c or d
f. a or b

A

e. c or d

32
Q

The egress cannula may be used for

a. clearing the joint of debris
b. palpating the chip on initial examination
c. aspirating proliferated synovial membrane
d. a and b
e. b and c

A

a. clearing the joint of debris

33
Q

For joint distenssion with arthroscopy, fluid has the following advantage over gas:

a. It lavages the joint
b. Visual activity is superior
c. Superficial fibrillation is more easily seen
d. a and b
e. a and c

A

e. a and c

34
Q

In which of the following conditons is motorized surgical equiptment most necessary?

a. chip fractures of the intercarpal joint
b. chip fractures of the radiocarpal joint
c. chip fracture of the first phalanx
d. osteochondritis dissicans of the tibiotarsal joint
e. osteochondritis dissicans of the femoropatellar joint

A

e. osteochondritis dissicans of the femoropatellar joint

35
Q

The best method for sterilizing an arthroscope is

a. steam autoclaving
b. ethylene oxide gas
c. 2% activated dialdehyde
d. a and b
e. b and c

A

c. 2% activated dialdehyde

36
Q

A number of factors facilitate superior recognition of cartilage lesions with with arthroscopy rather than arthrotomy. Which of the following is NOT one of these factors?

a. Magnification
b. Suspension of cartilage fibers by the fluid
c. Palpation
d. Transillumination
e. None of the above

A

c. Palpation

37
Q

In operating on carpal chip fractures arthroscopically,

a. only chips 8mm or smaller can be removed
b. chronic chips are removed with biopsy-cutting forceps wth no restriction on size
c. chronic chips are separated off with an elevator or osteotome and removed. There is no restriction on size.
d. chronic chips of 8mm and smaller are separated off with an elevator or osteostome and removed
e. none of the above

A

c. chronic chips are separated off with an elevator or osteotome and removed. There is no restriction on size.

38
Q

For a chip fracture off the proximal aspect of the first phalanx (medial side), the arthroscope is placed:

a. lateral to the common digital extensor tendon
b. medical to the common digital extensor tendon
c. through the common digital extensor tendon
d. though the volar pouch
e. none of the above

A

a. lateral to the common digital extensor tendon

39
Q

Whihc of the following statements is FALSE regarding arthroscopic surgery of the femoropatellar joint?

a. OCD of the lateral trochlear ridge can be operated on.
b. OCD of the lateral trochlear ridge can be operated on, but only if the lesions are <1cm in diameter
c. Diagnostic examination of the joint is commenced in the suprapatellar pouch
d. Snipping off the flap is preferabe to creating a loose body
e. The subchondral bone should be curetted following removal of the dissicans lesion.

A

b. OCD of the lateral trochlear ridge can be operated on, but only if the lesions are <1cm in diameter

40
Q

A common complication of arthroscopy is

a. infection
b. instrument breakage
c. synovial hernia
d. severe capsulitis
e. none of the above

A

a. infection

41
Q

Which of these is NOT an indicaion for pastern arthrodesis?

a. High ring bone
b. Low ring bone
c. Pastern luxation
d. Fracture of second phalanx (P2)
e. Septic arthrtis of the pastern

A

b. Low ring bone

42
Q

What abnormality is shown here?

a. Coffin joint luxation
b. Pastern joint luxation
c. Fetlock joint luxation
d. Fracture of P1 with displacement

A

b. Pastern joint luxation

43
Q

Which joint is affected with High Ring Bone? Low Ring Bone?

A

Pastern

Coffin

44
Q

What are the 2 main principles of PIP arthrodesis?

A

Removal of all articular cartilage

Maintenance of rigid stability of the joint

45
Q

Which surgical technique for pastern arthrodesis provides the most stability?

a. Trans-articular lag screws
b. Dorsal plate (DCP or LCP)
c. Trans-articular lag screw + Dorsal plate

A

c. Trans-articular lag screw + Dorsal plate

46
Q

What type of incision fo you make for TA screw and dorsal plate placement?

A

Inverted T

47
Q

T/F: The joint capsule, medial and lateral collateral ligaments must be transected in the surgical approach for TA lag screw and dorsal plate placement?

A

True

48
Q

Why does osteostixis of subchonral bone plates need to be done?

A

To allow nutrients and growth factors to get to the surgical site and improve healing

49
Q

Lag screw technique: The ____ hole is the same size as the screw and the ____ hole is smaller.

A

Glide

Thread

50
Q

Screws and Plate techniuqe: 1 dorsal DCP/LC-DCP is placed ______ with 2 TA lag screws placed _____.

A

Axially

Abaxially

51
Q

What is the problem with this plate or screw placement? How can you fix this?

A

The plate is impinging on the coffin joint

Horse will be lame post-op

Tx= Plate removal

52
Q

When are diverging plates needed for arthroscopy of the PIP?

A

When there are multiple fragments that need to be replaced

53
Q

The success rate for pastern arthrodesis is better in the ____limb.

A

Hind

95% success, vs fore which is 81%

54
Q

Which 3 things are monitored for complications post-arthrodesis?

A

CBC

SAA (serum amyloid A)

Temperature (fever)

55
Q

What is the mainstay for arthrodesis complication management?

A

NSAIDs

LA Sx scs RUSVM (20 decks)

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