EPISTAXIS Flashcards
Who is predisposed to getting GPM?
stabled horse in the WARM months
Upper resp tract dz presentation vs LOWER rest tract dz?
what are some infectious and non-infectious causes of each?
Upper = uni or bi, INSPIRATORY, norm lung sounds
- infectious = GPM, strangles, infection. sinusitis, VRD
- non-infectious = LLH, DDSP, allergic rhinitis
LOWER = uni or bi, EXPIRATORY, ABN. lung sounds
- infectious = (pleuro)pneumonia
- min-infectous = ROA, smoke inhalation
cough can be present in upper or lower
What are the CS relating to GPM?
spontaneous (weeks-months)
uni>bilateral discharge
Epistaxis (#1 cs), dysphagia (#2 cs), neuropathies
How do you dx GPM?
endoscope - will see plaque of various colors (black, brown, yellow, white)
How do you tx GPM?
1 = trans arterial coil
Topical antifungals
DBL ligation
balloon catheter occlusion
Who is predisposed to get EH (ethmoid hematoma)?
Male
thoroughbred, warm blood, Arabians
>4 (mc >8 [8-12])
What are CS relating to EH
spontansous (~1yr)
uni > bi
Less hemorrhage, malodorous discharge, INSPIRATORY + EXPIRATORY noise, facial deformities
How do we tx EH?
surgical ablation
formalin (IV or intra-luminal)
Who is predisposed to get EIPH?
race horses > 5
What are CS of EIPH?
high intensity exercise
previous hx
epistaxis when put head down
How do we dx EIPH?
endscope
Alveolar macrophage hemosiderin score
rads
How do we dx EH?
endscope, rads, CT, bx/histopath
How do we tx EIPH?
Divergen agents
furosemide
nasal strip (Flair)
What does abdominal press indicate? How abut extension of head and neck?
expiatory distress
inspiratory distress
What are 2 word indicators for TTW & BAL?
TTW - infectious, focal
BAL - diffuse, non-infectious
