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Psych 351B > sensation > Flashcards

sensation Flashcards

1
Q

What is involved in the sensory processes? (2)

A

Transduction and coding

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2
Q

Sensory processes:

what is transduction?

A

Shifting from modality to electric impulse

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3
Q

Sensory processes:

What is coding?

A

Increase/decrease of firing, integration of signals (gating, lateral inhibition)

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4
Q

What is the Mind-Body problem?

A

How do (similar) processes of the body become transformed into perceptual experience (Wine has nice overtones)

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5
Q

Sensory processes:
Mind-Body problem

What is selective (segregated) projections?

A

Topographic organization: an ordered, spatial relationship between surfaces

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6
Q

Sensory processes:
Mind-Body problem

What is learning?

A

Expertise hypothesis: exposure increases changes in neuroanatomy

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7
Q

Sensory processes:
Mind-Body problem

What is motor contingencies?

A

Affordances: action-based representation

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8
Q

Vision: Transduction

Characteristics of cones (3)

A

Respond best in light

fovea (+ everywhere)

High resolution (low convergence)

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9
Q

Vision: Transduction

Characteristics of Rods (3)

A

Respond best in darkness

periphery

low resolution (high convergence)

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10
Q

Vision: Transduction

Characteristics of Achromaticism

  • Tritanopia
  • Deuteranopia
  • Protanopia
A

Colour blindness

  • missing Short, not seeing yellow
  • missing medium, cant see green (Red)
  • missing Long, cant see Red (Green)
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11
Q

Vision: Transduction

Characteristics of Monchromacy

A

Impairment in two of the three (see everything in shades of grey)

Cones: only one kind (greyscale vision)

Rods: no cones
-photo-aversion, low acuity

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12
Q

Vision: coding

What pathway does the Lateral Geniculate Nucleus follow?

A

Geniculostriate pathway

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13
Q

Vision Coding:

What is the Opponent-process theory?

A

Opponent neurons code for two stimuli in both EXCITATORY and INHIBITORY firing

-afterimages
-clashing
simultaneous/colour contrast

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14
Q

Audition: Transduction

What does the outer ear do?

A

Physical barrier (protection)

funnel

  • localization
  • direct vibration
  • amplify
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15
Q

Audition: Transduction

What does the Middle ear do? (3)

Disorder?

A

Dampen conduction (protection)

  • reduce displacement
  • concentrate force
  • reduce velocity

Conductive hearing loss

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16
Q

Audition: Transduction

What does the Inner ear do?

A

Basilar membrane
-stiffer/narrow to flexible/wide

-low vs. high freq.
resonance regions (tonotopic)
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17
Q

What are acoustic prism

A

Complex tones = PT + H

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18
Q

Audition: Coding

Inner hair cells do what?

A

Inner hear cells transmit sound

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19
Q

Audition: Coding

What do the outer hair cells do?

A 
Feedback system
-amplitude
extremely quiet/loud sounds
Frequency 
-speech and music detection
20
Q

Audition: Coding

What does that Insula do?

A

primary auditory cortex

-tonotopy

21
Q

Audition: Coding

What are the disorders?

A

Sudden-onset Tinnitus

  • swan song
  • stayin alive

Presbycusis

  • hearing loss
  • evolutionary advantage
  • young procreate
  • filial obligation
22
Q

Somatosensory: Transduction

Merkels’s disk

Receptive field
speed

A

Slow(continuous)
small(shallow)

texture
streching

23
Q

Somatosensory: Transduction

Ruffini cylinder

Receptive field
speed

A

Slow (continuous)
large (deep)

pressure
stretching

24
Q

Somatosensory: Transduction

Meissner corpuscle

Receptive field
speed

A

Small (shallow)
rapid (on/offset)

texture
vibration

25
Q

Somatosensory: Transduction

Pancinian corpuscle

Receptive field
speed

A

Large (deep)
Rapid (On/offset)

pressure
vibration

26
Q

Somatosensory: Transduction

mechanoreception

what is knismesis

A

Light tickling

low level vibration
sensitive area
evo adapt affiliation

27
Q

Somatosensory: Transduction

mechanoreception

what is Gargalesis

A

Heavy tickling
high level pressure
all area
evo. adapt(develop) combat skills

28
Q

Somatosensory: Transduction

specialized free nerve endings

what are the two main ones?

A

Thermoreception

Nociception

29
Q

What are the three parts of Nociception

A

Nociceptive
-skin “wearnings” damage
compete with mechanoreception
evo. reflexive retraction (avoid damage)

Inflammatory
-tissue irritation/damage/neoplasia spreading activation results in thermoreception

Neuropathic

  • Nervous system damage/dysfunction
  • evo: avoid harmful situations (learning tool)
30
Q

Somatosensory: Transduction

disorders in Proprioception

A

Asomatagnosia

31
Q

Somatosensory: Transduction

disorders in Neuropathic pain

A

Phantom limb

32
Q

Somatosensory: Transduction

disorders in Haptic sense

A

Motor neuropathy

33
Q

Somatosensory: Transduction

disorders in mechanoreception

A

Sensory neuropathy

  • grasping
  • social isolation
34
Q

Taste : Transduction

Papillae does not equal what?

A

Taste receptors

-grip

papillae house the taste receptors

35
Q

Taste : Transduction

Disorders

Glossitis

A

Depapillation i.e. smooth tounge

deficiency in iron, folic acid, vitamin B

36
Q

Taste : Transduction

A/hypo/dys-geusia

A

danage to cranial nerves
deficiency in zinc, B3

Lack of taste

37
Q

Smell: Transduction

Distinctions
Nose hairs are not what?

A

Cilia

they are nose filters

38
Q

Nose mucus does not equal what?

A

Mucosa

booger vs. epithelial layer

protection vs. transduction

39
Q

Smell: Transduction
Disorders

Anosmia

A

Smell blind
-damage/inflamation to mucosa

-damage to olfactory nerve
cribform plate

40
Q

Smell: Coding

Fragrant vs. smelly

A

Subjective experience vs. objective coding

41
Q

Smell: Coding

what does the amygdala/pyriform do?

A

Intesity

42
Q

Smell: Coding

what does the Medial OFC do?

A

Pleasant odors

43
Q

Smell: Coding

what does the Lateral FC do?

A

Unpleasant odors

44
Q

Flavour: Coding

What is this a combo of?

A

Olfaction + Gustation

45
Q

Flavour: Coding

perception
sensory- specific Satiety

what is an adaptation?

A

Detection decreases with successive exposure

  • larger within categories
  • relates to perceived pleasantness
46
Q

Flavour: Coding

perception
sensory- specific Satiety

Release from inhibition

A

Resugence of behaviour
-exposure to competing/ different stimulus

Craving

  • appetites
  • unlearned associated with motivations

Psych 351B (10 decks)

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