Tropical rainforest

Question 1

what is carbon capture and storage?

Answer 1

uses technology to capture carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fire power stations and industry

Question 2

how much could CSS cut emissions by?

Answer 2

19%

Question 3

what happens during CSS?

Answer 3

once the carbon is captured the carbon gas is compressed and transported by pipeline to an injection well
it is then injected as a liquid into reservoirs such as aquifers and deposits of fossil fuels

Question 4

Boundary dam Canada

Answer 4

aims to cut c02 emissions by 90%, this is the equivalent to 1 million tonnes of carbon per year.

Question 5

what are the disadvantages of the boundary dam canada?

Answer 5

economic viability - relies on reservoirs being empty
very costly
unsure of future implications

Question 6

modifying photosynthesis plantation forests.

Answer 6

plantation forests which compromise an estimated 7% of global forest area are particularly effective in absorbing c02 compared to natural forests

Question 7

what are major causes of land use changes?

Answer 7

Farming deforestation

Question 8

what is carbon farming?

Answer 8

carbon farming is where one type of crop is replaced by another that has a greater productivity and can absorb more carbon from the atmosphere

Question 9

what are the several strategies aimed at reducing the rate of deforestation?

Answer 9

1. consumers are encouraged to only buy wood certified by the forestry stewardship council
2. cou tries and organizsations can offset their carbon emissions through payments. the money then goes to forests being protected

Question 10

what do grasslands do?

Answer 10

offers a global greenhouse gas mitigation potential of 810 million tonnes of co2

Question 11

what can soil carbon storage in grasslands be improved by?

Answer 11

avoidance of overstocking of grazing animals

adding manures and feritlisers that have a direct impact on soil organic carbon

Question 12

croplands - techniques for improving SOC includes-

Answer 12

reduced or no tillage - no ploughing avoid accelerated decomposition of organic matter.
the use of animal manure instead of fertlisisers so biomass can be returned to the soil

Question 13

forested land and tree crops

Answer 13

forests store large amounts of c02 resulting in the amount in the atmosphere

Question 14

improved transport/aviation practices

Answer 14

in 2013 the global aviation industry produced 705 million tonnes of co2

Question 15

the water cycle in the amazon rainforest

Answer 15

precipitation is very high due to high humidity and unstable weather conditions
dense forest canopy intercepts up to 75% of rainfall
out of this 75% half is used by plants and the rest returns to the atmosphere by evapotranspiration and some infiltrates into soils

Question 16

why is deforestation taking place?

Answer 16

• demand for resources is increasing
• to make place for commercial farming,mining, logging and settlements
• to create roads
• hydroelectric power
• dams

Question 17

what are some impacts of deforestation upon the water cycle?

Answer 17

• results in less evapotranspiration leading to reduced atmospheric humidity and more water being stored on land
• water may not infiltrate which will lead to increased run off and possible flooding
• decrease in precipitation leads to a decrease in river discharge
• river discharge increases due to increased surface flows which discharge into local rivers

Question 18

why do tropical rainforests play a vital role in the carbon cycle?

Answer 18

estimated to store between 80 and 120 billion tonnes of carbon

Question 19

what are tropical rainforests?

Answer 19

a carbon sink as they absorb carbon

Question 20

what impact is deforestation having upon the carbon cycle?

Answer 20

1. when forests are cleared for conversion to agriculture a large proportion of the above ground biomass is burnt, rapidly releasing carbon into the atmosphere.
2. by reducing the amount of trees there is less co2 being absorbed by trees so more in atmosphere.

Question 21

mitigation in the amazon rainforest

Answer 21

there are several mitigation strategies to try and mitigate the effects of climate change within the amazon basin

Question 22

what are the 2 national and international agreements?

Answer 22

TARAPOTO processes

amazon cooperation treaty organisation (ACTO)

Question 23

TARAPOTO processes

Answer 23

began in 1995 forest policy makers from 8 countries identified 12 criteria to help manage the forest sustainably at management

Question 24

national level priorities of the TARAPOTO processes include?

Answer 24

investment in research education and technology
existence of policies and a legal framework for land-use planning
environmental protection areas

Question 25

amazon cooperation treaty organisation ACTO

Answer 25

aimed at promoting sustainable development
8 member countries
reverse the loss of forest cover worldwide

Question 26

what are the local policies for mitigation in the amazon?

Answer 26

the creation of national parks

agroforestry

Question 27

the creation of national parks

Answer 27

Jau national park covers and area of over 5.8 million acres and is a UNESCO site

Question 28

Agroforestry

Answer 28

the combination of planted trees with annual crops trees in agroforestry systems will hold more carbon than the vegetation otherwise would

Question 29

reforestation

Answer 29

in addition to avoiding deforestation environmental change can also be mitigated by planting trees in areas without trees.

Question 30

selective logging

Answer 30

only some trees are felled and most are left standing (old trees)
less destroying to the surrounding forest
impact on carbon cycle and water cycle is kept small