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Infectious Disease II (P3 Spring) > Exam 3: Antiviral Agents (Moniri) > Flashcards

Exam 3: Antiviral Agents (Moniri) Flashcards

1
Q

VIRUS background:

contain a _____, which encases the nucleic acid core (Nucleocapsid)

A

capsid

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2
Q

What are the 2 highly antigenic proteins found on the surface of VIRUSES?

A
  • hemagglutinin (HA)

- neuraminidase

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3
Q

T/F As a whole the influenza virus is VERY antigenic

A

TRUE (this is what brings about the symptoms that we get when we get the flu)

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4
Q

What is the most common STD in the world?

A

papillomavirus (oncogenic virus)

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5
Q

How are warts generally treated?

A

overtime by the immune response, BUT when you kill them you are killing the cells around the wart to cause immune rxn

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6
Q

Which HPV can cause cervical cancer? (4)

A

HPV 45, HPV 18, HPV 31, HPV 16

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7
Q

After smoking, what is the reason men get cancer from HPV?

A

oral, anal/rectal sex

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8
Q

T/F Condom use DOES NOT protect against HPV 100%

A

TRUE: b/c HPV can be on the skin also

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9
Q

Gardasil protects against HPV (4)

A

16, 18, 6, 11

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10
Q

Cervarix protects against HPV (2)

A

16 and 18

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11
Q

Which HPV are associated the most w/ cancers?

A

16 and 18

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12
Q

DNA virus life cycle (5)

A

FUSION and ADSORPTION into host cell–> nucleocapsid dissolves–> replication via DNA polymerase to make vDNA–> transcription via mRNA–> translated to protein (dependent on host cell machinery)

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13
Q

RNA virus life cycle (7)

A

genome makes contact w/ specific receptor on outside (RECEPTOR MEDIATED) –> comes into cell via ENDOSOME (acidic pH)–> go towards a lysosome–> breakdown and release of RNA virus–> goes into host cell nucleus–> replication via RNA polymerase–> transcription and translation occurs

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14
Q

How are DNA and RNA life cycle different? (2)

A
  • DNA virus: ADSORPTION and PENETRATION (FUSION); whole thing leaves via budding
  • RNA virus: RECEPTOR MEDIATED; particles meet at the cell surface
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15
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

recognizes cell surface SIALIC ACID containing glycoproteins

A

hemagglutinin (this is the ligand)

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16
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

CLEAVES SIALIC ACID moieties, thereby releasing budding virions

A

neuraminidase

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17
Q

T/F The virus uses its OWN polymerase to REPLICATES its genome

A

TRUE; but uses the host cell for transcription and translation

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18
Q

Explain how the influenza virus gets into the host cell?

A

hemagglutinin makes contact w/ receptor containing sialic acid

19
Q

T/F When the virion buds it contains ALL the things that it came with

A

TRUE

-when the virus leaves it has the ligand and the host has the receptor (so it immediately attaches back); BUT neuraminidase CLEAVES sialic acid receptor

20
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

_____ are the primary reservoir for influenza A

A

birds

also infect mammals, horses, pigs

21
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

______ is the most VIRULENT influenza and causes the MOST SEVERE DISEASE

A

influenza A

22
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

There are 16 known hemagglutinin serotypes and 9 known neuraminidase serotypes

A

influenza A

23
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

_______is almost exclusively a HUMAN PATHOGEN (seals)

A

influenza B

24
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

NO distinguishable serotype, less mutative; _______ influenza

A

influenza B

25
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

infects humans and pigs ONLY

A

influenza C

genetically and morphologically distinct from A and B types

26
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

______ is spread from a bird to a person; BUT NOT person to person

A

H5N1 “bird flu”

a recurrent pandemic threat

27
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

_______has caused this season of flu

A

H3N2

28
Q

Why do you have to get a flu shot every year? (3)

A
  • mutation
  • antigenic shifts
  • recombination

(H and N mutate and effect long lasting immunity)

29
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

Why is H5N1 so deadly to birds?

A

due to specificity of sialic acid

prefers 2-3 SA vs. 2-6 sen in humans

30
Q

INFLUENZA virus:
Avian Flu-A = amino acid
______
Human Flu-A= amino acid _____

A

avian (GLN)–> recognize 2-3 SA

human flu A (LEU)–> recognize 2-6 SA

31
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

What happens after you are infected w/ the flu?

A

cytokine storm–> promote inflammatory response

IL family-interleukin, interferons, EPO and THPO, chemokine, TNF-alpha

32
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

T/F H5N1 induces higher levels of cytokines than the more common flu virus types

A

TRUE

33
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

T/F Cytokine storm is a potentially fatal rxn consisting of POSITIVE feedback loops

A

TRUE

immune response–> cytokines–> immune response (cyclic)

34
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

The data from ______ are used to make the flu vaccine for the US

A

Brisbane (in southern hemisphere)

35
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

FLUZONE HD for seniors: _____ antigen

A

4x

36
Q

INFLUENZA virus:

Why are mutations in H important?

A

decrease affinity coming in–> decrease virulence

all mutations to H DECREASE virulence

37
Q

T/F All herpes viruses cause LIFELONG infection

A

TRUE

vs. influenza

38
Q

HERPES VIRUS:

(3) are latent in NEURONS

A

HSV1
HSV2
VSV-varicella zoster

39
Q

Herpes has the ability to be latent, why does the virus hide in neurons?

A

b/c there isn’t immune cells there

40
Q

HERPES VIRUS:

What type of things can decrease the immune system? (4)

A
  • PAIN
  • STRESS
  • RADIATION
  • DRUGS
41
Q

HERPES VIRUS:
T/F The mouth has large neurons that lead to Trigeminal ganglion (5th cranial nerve)—> if virus makes a “wrong turn” i.e. the cranial nerve–> can lead to virus getting into the brain

A

TRUE

42
Q

HHV3 causes chicken pox and then goes into hiding in the ganglion of the _________

A

spinal cord (from here it can gain access to anywhere

-only come out upon stimulus and is localized to that dermatome

43
Q

chicken pox vs. shingles

A

chicken pox= whole body

shingles= specific dermatome

Infectious Disease II (P3 Spring) (13 decks)

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