Lecture 1: Suerficial Triangles& Cervical Viscera Flashcards
What muscles does the spinal accessory nerve innervate?
SCM and Trapezius
What are the functions of the SCM?
Lateral flexion with rotation
Extension at Atlanto-occipital joints
Flexion of cervical vertebrae when person is supine
What is muscular torticollis?
“Wry neck” can be congenital or caused by muscular or nerve injury -> SCM affected! Most frequently caused by birth trauma
- Benign fibrous tumor may accompany the condition -> termed fibromatosis Colli and typically resolves with physical therapy
What are the 5 fascial layers of the neck?
Superficial fascia (fat, CT) Investing layer Pretracheal layer Prevertebral layer Alar fascia and carotid sheath
What is considered “zone 1” of the neck?
The horizontal area between the clavicle/suprasternal notch and the cricoid cartilage encompassing the thoracic outlet structures including the cupola of hte lung
What structures are all located in zone 1 of the neck and are at risk of being damaged in penetrating trauma?
Proximal common carotid a Vertebral a Subclavian a Trachea Esophagus Thoracic duct Thymus
What is considered “zone II” of the neck?
Area between the cricoid cartilage and the angle of the mandible
What structures are found in zone II of the neck and are at risk of being injured in penetrating trauma?
Internal and external carotid arteries Jugular veins Pharynx Larynx Esophagus Recurrent laryngeal nerve Spinal cord Trachea Thyroid Parathyroids
What is considered “zone III” of the neck?
Area that lies between the angle of the mandible and the base of the skull
What structures are found in zone III of the neck and at risk of being injured in penetrating trauma?
Distal extracranial carotid and vertebral arteries
Uppermost segments of the jugular veins
What 2 veins of the neck join to form the retromandibular vein?
Superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein
The retromandicular vein divides into a posterior and anterior division, What does each give rise to?
Anterior division -> facial and common facial veins
Posterior division -> posterior auricular vein and external jugular vein
What cutaneous nerves of the neck arise from erb’s point and what are their respective vertebral segments?
Lesser occipital -> C2
Great Auricular -> C2, C3
Transverse cervical -> C2, C3
Supraclavicular -> C3, C4
What nerve is always found sitting on the anterior scalene?
Phrenic nerve
What spinal segments give rise to the phrenic nerve?
C3, 4, 5 keep the diaphragm alive
What muscles does C1 provide?
Geniohyoid m
Thyrohyoid m
- Then gives rise to superior root of ansa cervicalis
What muscles do the ansa cervicalis nerves supply?
Superior and Inferior belly of omohyoid
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Name the suprahyoid muscles
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Digastrics
What is the function of the mylohyoid muscle?
Elevate hyoid and tongue
What is the function of the geniohyoid muscle?
Shorten mouth floor
What is the function of the digastric muscle
Depress mandible and steady hyoid
Name the infrahyoid muscles
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
What is the function of the sternohyoid muscle?
Depress and steady hyoid
What is the function of the omohyoid muscle?
Depress and steady hyoid
What is the function of the sternothyroid muscle?
Depress hyoid and larynx
What is the function of the thyrohyoid muscle?
Depress hyoid and elevate larynx
What nerve innervates the mylohyoid muscle?
Nerve to mylohyoid from inferior alveolar n -> trigeminal
What nerve innervates the geniohyoid muscle?
C1 via the hypoglossal n