Pancreas 2

Question 1

Where is there more genetic predisposition, DM1 or DM2?

Answer 1

1. DM2 (90%) vs DM1 (50%)

Question 2

Why are K+ levels normal or low in DM1?

Answer 2

1. Because there is also ⬆️ ⬆️ urine loss of K+

Question 3

Why are Na+ levels normal on Type 1 DM?

Answer 3

1. ⬆️ H2O=Na+ loss

Question 4

Relationship between DM1 and DM2 and hyperosmolar coma and DKA?

Answer 4

DM2 = hyperosmolar coma 
DM1= DKA

Question 5

Hyperosmolar Coma Mechanism?

Answer 5

1. ⬆️Glucose levels —> ⬆️hyperosmolarity
2. Shift of H2O from ICF—> ECF
3. ⬆️Polyuria
4. ⬆️Water loss (dehydration)
5. ⬆️Osmolarity

⬇️ICF—> COMA!!

Question 6

DK mechanism?

Answer 6

1. ⬇️Insulin
2. ⬆️Lipolysis
3. ⬆️Ketogenesis

Question 7

At what pH does Kussmaul Breathing start?

Answer 7

<7.2 pH

Question 8

Ratio of Hyperglycemia/ Na+ loss?

Answer 8

1. For every ⬆️100 mg/dL of Glucose —> ⬇️1.6 mEq/L of Na

Question 9

Why are DM1 patients more at risk to develop Hyperglycemia, aside from null insulin levels?

Answer 9

1. Glucagon response is absent

Question 10

How to differentiate Insulinoma hypoglycemia from exogenous use of insulin?

Answer 10

1. C-peptide levels ⬆️⬆️ with insulinoma

2. C-peptide ⬇️⬇️ in exogenous use of insulin

Question 11

Leptin is otherwise known as the _____hormone ?

Answer 11

Satiety hormone

Question 12

Leptin is in charge of keeping us thin by 2 mechanisms, ⬇️Hunger and _____?

Answer 12

1. Mobilizing fatty tissue

Question 13

Mechanism of action of Adiponectin?

Answer 13

1. ⬆️Insulin sensitivity

Question 14

Ghrelin/Leptin and NPY relationship?

Answer 14

1. ⬆️Ghrelin —> ⬆️NPY

2. ⬆️Leptin —> ⬇️NPY

Question 15

Ghrelin levels in fat individuals?

Answer 15

1. Actually ⬇️ dude