Hitler’s Rise To Power Flashcards
Why, when and who with did President Hindenburg replace Brüning?
He had become so unpopular and was nicknamed Hunger chancellor, he was replaced May 1932 by Von Papen
When did Hitler stand against Hindenburg as President and what was the outcome?
March 1932, he gained 13.5 million votes but Hindenburg had 19.3 million
When did Von Papen resign and who replaced him?
November 1932, Von Schleicher
What did the secret deal involve?
Von Papen decides to work with Hitler against Von schleicher and they agreed Hitler would be chancellor so Von Papen persuades Hindenburg
When and why did Von Schleicher resign and who was he replaced with?
January 1933, Hindenburg refused to pass laws for him using Article 48, Hindenburg takes a risk by appointing Hitler
Factors which allowed Hitler to become chancellor?(7)
The depression, Hindenburgs mistakes, Hitler’s leadership skills, propaganda, failure of other politicians, nazi reorganisation after the Munich putsch, use of Hitler youth, use of the SA
When did Hindenburg pass a law saying meetings had to be announced 24 hours beforehand and why did this help Hitler?
February 1933, this meant hitler could send his SA to break up oppositions at these meetings as he knew about them 24 hours prior to them happening
When was the reichstag fire?
27th February 1933
What 4 things did the enabling involve and when was it?
1st March 1933, the Reichstag voted to give Hitler the power to make his own laws, Nazi storm troopers stopped opposition deputies going in and beat up anyone who spoke against it, act made Hitler dictator of Germany (one party state) with the power to do anything he liked, the act eliminated communism by banning parties and stopping meetings/communication
When did the the nazi party and nationalist party join together and what did this mean for hitler?
23rd March 1933, hitler had the majority of seats in the reichstag therefore could make the enabling act permanent
When did hitler set up the gestapo?
7th April 1933
When did hitler ban all trade unions and what did this involve? 5 points
2nd May 1933, Trade Unions offices were closed, their money was confiscated, leaders put in prison, in their place Hitler put the German Labour Front which reduced workers’ pay and took away right to strike, big businesses supported Hitler for this
When was the law against the formation of new parties established and what 2 things did it involve?
14th July 1934, declared the Nazi party the only political party in Germany so all others were banned, their leaders were thrown in prison
When was the night of the long knives and what did it involve?
30th June 1934, Ernst rohm and 100 regional SA leaders were imprisoned shot and arrested in order to remove potential opposition. At least 77 men were killed
When did Hindenburg die and what did this mean for Hitler?
2nd August 1934, hitler merges the role of chancellor and president, he became fuhrer
What were 7 of the roles of the SS?
Formed in 1925 as Hitlers personal bodyguard, death head units ran concentration camps where people were sent without trial, in charge of all police, involved in kristallnacht, involved in the night of the long knives, ensure Nazi policy was being enforced, gathered up anyone who did not fit the perfect Nazi society
When did concentration camps provide slave labour and when did they become extermination camps?
1939, during ww2
What were the two aims of the gestapo?
Impose the will of the fuhrer, identify anyone who criticised Nazis
What happened to the number of crimes punishable by death?
Rose from 3 in 1933 to 46 in 1943
By 1939, how much of German newspapers did Nazis control?
Two thirds
Name 7 types of propaganda
Book burning, cinema, radio, art, sculpture and architecture, sport, rallies, newspapers
How many loudspeakers were installed in Germany?
6000
Between 1932 and 1939 what happens with the number of families with a radio?
Rose from 25% to 70%
How was the Berlin olympics a use of propaganda?
Designed to show the world that Germany was superior in every way but a black athlete called Jesse Owens won four gold medals
When was the membership of the Hitler Youth made compulsory?
1936
What were the boys categories in the Hitler Youth?
Little Fellow (6-9), German Young People (10-13), Hitler Youth (14-18)
What were the girls categories in the Hitler Youth?
League of Young girls (10-13), League of German maidens (14-18)
How many members of the hitler youth were there by 1939?
8 million members (80% of people)
What changes did hitler make to school subjects? (7)
PE was given 15% of school time, biology focused on race and population control, geography focused on the need for Lebensraum (living space)and the lands that were once part of Germany, history was rewritten to blame Jews for Germany’s past problems, RE was dropped in 1937, eugenics introduces which taught pupils about selective breeding, lessons began and ended with heil Hitler salutes
Where were potential future leaders trained?
Adolf Hitler Schools
What 4 things did the swing youth do and how did they end up?
Formed to deliberately listen to jazz music, gave fake “Hail Benny” salutes and girls wore make up and fashionable imported clothes to oppose hitler. Sent to concentration camps for 2-3 years
Who was the ideal nazi woman?
Aryan with 4 children
How were women told to dress and be?(4)
Traditional clothing made of home substitutes, not smoke, not wear makeup, be athletic, broad hips to bear children, flat shoes
What happened with doctors and civil servants in 1935?
All women in these jobs were sacked
What was the Honour cross of German mothers?
Bronze medal for 4 children, silver for 6, gold for 8
When was the Law of Encouragement for marriage and what did it involve?
1933, loans of 1000 marks given away to new brides, 250 marks knocked off for every child the couple had
When did Nazis contradict their own policy and why?
1937 because they wanted women to do back to work because so many men were needed in the army
Why was there no open opposition to the Nazis?(6)
Fear of the SS, fear of the gestapo, censorship meant people did not know the extent of what was happening, opposition was divided, Nazis dropped unpopular policies such as the euthanasia policy before they became a real problem, organised opposition was banned
What did passive resistance involve?
Many refuse to join the party or do the hitler salute, some were executed for this
How many underground meetings did the gestapo break up?
1000
What did church opposition involve?(2)
Martin Neimoller and Dietroch Bonhoeffer founded the Confessional Churxh and preached anti nazi messages. Cardinal Galen led a campaign against the euthanasia programme.
What did the unemployed do?
Built Autobahns, hospitals, schools and houses
What did the Reich Labour Service involve?
Men were forced to work for free for 6 months but were given food and accommodation
In what year was it made compulsory for all men to do 2 years military service and how many men were in the armed forces this year?
1939, 1.36 million
What did the beauty of labour do?
Helped improve conditions in factories
What did strength through joy do?
Offer prizes and rewards (which were more of a myth than a reality) for hard work such as holidays and saving schemes
What did the Volkswagen scheme involve?
People had to pay a monthly fee and were promised a Volkswagen car but no cars were ever handed over and nobody got their money back
In which ways did the nazi economy succeed?(3)
Construction, rearming, production of raw materials improved
Failure of the nazi economy?
Still reliant on imports for a third of materials and they wound need to conquer other countries to overcome this
Who was Gustav Schact?
In charge of economy 1934-1936, he limited imports to try to achieve self sufficiency but realised Germany could not survive on its own, he eventually resigned and was sent to a concentration camp
Who was Herman Goering?
Put in charge of the economy after Schact, he focused on creating jobs by rearming Germany and preparing them for war
When was the one day boycott of Jewish shops?
April1933
In what year were Jews banned from public service jobs such as teachers and civil servants?
1933
When were Jews prevented from joining the army?
May 1934
When were Nuremburg laws and what did they involve?
1935 Jews could no longer be German citizens or vote
In July 1938 who was forbidden from working?
Jewish doctors, lawyers and dentists
When were red ‘J’s stamped on Jews passports?
October 1938
When was Kristallnacht and what did it involve? 5 things
November 1938, 191 synagogues set on fire, 76 demolished, 815 shops destroyed, 20,000 Jews arrested, 91 Jews killed
When were Jews expelled from schools?
November 1938
When were Jewish businesses confiscated?
December 1938
When were Jews given new first names and what were they?
January 1939, Sarah for women, Israel for men
When did ww2 began and what did this lead to?
September 1939, ghettos set up as Germany gained land from other countries
What was the nazi promise which appealed to big businesses?
Promising to destroy the communists because communists removed wealth of businessman
What was the nazi promise which appealed to the working class?
Promised to make Germany a stronger and more respected nation, promised to get the unemployed back to work
What was the nazi promise which appealed to the middle class?
Nazis promised to destroy the communists and the middle class had savings they didn’t want to lose
What was the nazi promise which appealed to farmers?
Promised to destroy communists, comminists would take away farmers land
What percentage of votes did Nazis have in rural areas?
60%
