Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What travels through the hilum of the lungs?

A 
Pulmonary arteries, 
Pulmonary veins, 
Main bronchus,
Pulmonary lymphatic vessels,
Bronchopulmonary lymph nodes,
Pulmonary visceral afferents,
Autonomic motor nerves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which part of the thorax is the heart and pericardium in?

A

Middle mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Is the phrenic nerve a unilateral or bilateral structure?

A

Bilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which is anterior to the hilum, the phrenic or vagus nerves?

A 
Anterior = phrenic 
(posterior = vagus)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the layers of the pericardium?

A

Outer layer = fibrous pericardium

Inner = serious (split into visceral and parietal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What occurs if the pericardial cavity fills with abnormal quantities of fluid?

A 
Cardiac tamponade
(if blood = haemopericardium)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How is fluid in the pericardium released?

A

Pericardiocentesis:

aspiration superoposteriorly under xyphoid process

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

A space posterior to the ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk - finishes anteriorly to SVC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 3 surfaces of the heart?

A

Anterior,
Base (the most posterior surface),
Inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is the apex normally and what can it indicate if it has shifted?

A

5th intercostal space, left mid-clavicular line

If shifted to left = cardiomegaly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which is more lateral, the phrenic or vagus nerves?

A 
Lateral = phrenic
Medial = vagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which vein drains the head and neck?

A

Left and right internal jugular veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which vein drains the upper limbs?

A

Left and right subclavian veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the venous drainage into the SVC

A 
Left internal jugular + subclavian 
==>
Left brachiocephalic,
Left + right brachiocephalic 
==>
SVC
Azygous vein also drains into the SVC just above the right atrium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What structure of the surface of the atria allow them to fill with more blood?

A

Auricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the order or branches on the arch of the aorta?

A

Brachiocephalic trunk, left common carotid, left subclavian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which veins drain into the right atrium?

A

SVC, IVC, coronary sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Which artery supplies the head and neck?

A

Common carotid arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the important borders of the heart?

A

Right and left lateral borders
Inferior border
Superior border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which chambers make up the base, apex, anterior and inferior surfaces?

A

Base: left atrium
Inferior: right and left ventricles
Anterior: right ventricle
Apex: left ventricle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the first branches of the ascending aorta?

A

The right and left coronary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the right coronary artery and its branches

A

Right coronary artery (in coronary groove),

Has a right marginal branch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe the left coronary artery and its branches

A

Left main stem, left anterior descending (LAD), diagonal, left marginal and circumflex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where does all the venous drainage from the heart drain into?

A

The coronary sinus (in the atrioventricular groove)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What divides the heart into a left and right side?

A

Septum:

interatrial septum + interventricular septum

26
Q

What is an atrial or ventricular septal defect?

A

A hole in the interatrial or interventricular septum that allows mixing of the blood - can be life threatening

27
Q

How many cusps does each valve have:

A

Tricuspid: 3
Pulmonary: 3
Bicuspid/mitral: 2
Aortic: 3

28
Q

What kind of valves are the aortic/pulmonary or the tricuspid/mitral?

A

Aortic/pulomary: semi-lunar

Tricuspid/mitral: leaflet

29
Q

What prevents reflux of the tricuspid/mitral valves during ventricular contraction?

A

Leaflets connected to papillary muscles via tendinous cords

30
Q

What gives the heart valves structural integrity?

A

Fibrous skeleton (made of connective tissue)

31
Q

Where dot he right common carotid and the right subclavian arise from?

A

The brachiocephalic trunk

32
Q

How does sympathetic/parasympathetic stimulation affect the heart?

A

Symp: Increases heart rate and force
Parasympathetic: decreased heart rate

33
Q

Is there a cardiac plexus?

A

Yes, behind the heart by the bifurcation of the trachea

34
Q

What is a ganglia?

A

A collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the CNS

35
Q

Describe the course and neurotransmitters of sympathetic fibres

A

Pre-synaptic fibre (from CNS to ganglion in sympathetic chain)
Acetyl choline neurotransmitter
Post-synaptic fibre (from ganglion to organ)
Noradrenaline neurotransmitter

36
Q

Which spinal cords is the sympathetic outflow from?

A

T1-L2 (thoracolumbar)

37
Q

What sympathetic nerves supply the heart and lungs?

A

Cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves

38
Q

Describe the course and neurotransmitters of parasympathetic fibres

A

Pre-synaptic fibre (from CNS to ganglion on structure)
Acetyl choline neurotransmitter
Post-synaptic fibre (from ganglion to organ)
Acetyl choline neurotransmitter

39
Q

Where is parasympathetic outflow from?

A

CN III, VII, IX, X (3,7,9,10) (3,7,9 remain within the head and neck, 10 = vagus travels down to supply most of the upper body)
Sacrum
(craniosacral outflow)

40
Q

Which nerve do the baroreceptor signals (afferents) act upon?

A

Parasympathetic = vagus nerve

41
Q

What divides the brain the parietal and frontal lobe and what type of sensation is on either side?

A

Central sulcus
Parietal: somatosensory
Frontal: somatomotor

42
Q

Which side is the azygous vein on?

A

right

43
Q

What is the route of the right and left vagus nerves?

A

Right: surface of the trachea and then follows the oesophagus
Left: Follows the aorta and directly touches the hilum

44
Q

What is the difference between radiating and referred pain?

A

Radiating: pain felt at site of injury + at site elsewhere
Referred: pain only felt at site remote from the injury

45
Q

Which arteries supply the anterior, inferior or inferiolateral surfaces of the heart (are blocked in an MI in these areas)

A

Anterior: LAD
Inferior: Right
Lateral: Left

46
Q

Which coronary artery is more often dominant?

A

Right

47
Q

Which coronary artery supplies the SA and AV nodes?

A

Right

48
Q

What is CABG and what vessels are more commonly used?

A

Coronary artery bypass grafting (if atheroma etc)

Radial or internal thoracic

49
Q

What are the divisions of the mediastinum?

A

Superior and inferior

Inferior = anterior, middle, posterior

50
Q

What is in the anterior mediastinum?

A

In children, thymus gland

In adults, adipose tissue

51
Q

What is in the middle mediastinum?

A

Heart and the start of the great vessels

52
Q

Where does the azygous vein drain into the SVC?

A

Superiorly to the hilum

53
Q

What is the main lymphatic drainage of the body, where does it drain and what does it drain into?

A

Thoracic duct, drains all but the upper right quadrant of the body
Into the left venous angle (where internal jugular vein meets the subclavian to from brachiocephalic)

54
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of the last quarter of the body?

A

Right lymphatic duct, drains upper right quadrant
Drains into the right venous angle (where the internal jugular vein meets the subclavian to form he brachiocephalic vein)

55
Q

Where is the thoracic duct in the mediastinum?

A

Between the azygous vein and the oesophagus (only structure there)

56
Q

Where is pain from the diaphragm referred to?

A

Right shoulder

57
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve provide sensory supply to?

A

Parietal pleura,
Fibrous pericardium
Diaphragmatic parietal peritoneum

58
Q

What are the named arteries down the arm?

A

Brachial artery

Radial artery

59
Q

What are the named arteries down the leg?

A

Femoral artery,
Popliteal artery,
Posterior tibial,
Dorsalis pedis

60
Q

What drains the anterior and posterior intercostal spaces?

A

Anterior: Internal thoracic vein
Posterior: Azygous vein

Cardio (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions