kidney, ureter and urinary bladder

Question 1

what arteries do we find bordering the cortical lobules in kidney where do they arise from?

Answer 1

cortical interlobular arteries arising from arcuate a. coming from interlobular from renal a.

Question 2

what veins are found in the fibrous capsule?

Answer 2

the stellate veins

Question 3

describe the renal corpuscle?

Answer 3

• round with central glomerulus od anastomosing capillary loops.
• surrounded by double walled membranous capsule–>bowmans capsule

Question 4

what cells line the parieta l layer of bowmans capsule?

Answer 4

• squamus epithelial cells supported by a thin basement membrane

Question 5

what cells line the viceral layer of bowmans capsule and whats their function?

Answer 5

• podocytes

- Their foot processes assist in filtration barrier function by repelling negatively-charged molecules.

Question 6

whats the difference b/w afferent and efferent aretiole in glomerulus, where do they enter the glomerulus?

Answer 6

• the afferent has a lumen thats wider than efferent

- enter at vascular pole

Question 7

what cells can be found in glomerulus and whats thei function?

Answer 7

• mesingeal cells: Provides structure support and regulate diameter of capillaries
• podocytes: Foot processes assist in filtration barrier function by repelling negatively-charged molecules.

Question 8

what cells can be found in tunica media in vascular pole and whats their function?

Answer 8

• juxtaglomerular cells

- they secreate renin

Question 9

histological caracteristics of proximal convulated tubule?

Answer 9

• simple tall cuboidal cell
• apical brush border with long microvilli
• strongly eosinphilic
• striations in basal cytoplasm, which is mitochondria
• lumen not seen well

Question 10

histological caracteristics of loop of henle?

Answer 10

• simple squamus or low cuboidal epithelium
• flattend nuclei
• no brush border
• lumen can be seen

Question 11

histological caracteristics when thin goes to thick ascending limb?

Answer 11

• size of cell increases
• the mitochondria in the basal part exhibit basal striations
• devoid of brusch border

Question 12

histological caracteristics of distal convoluted tubule?

Answer 12

• lined by cuboidal cells
• devoid of brush border
• clear outlined lumen

Question 13

whats the portion of distal convulated tubule which is close contact with vascular pole called, and whats its function?

Answer 13

• called macula densa
• senses blood pressure, regulates blood flow in afferent arteriole to maintain the glomerular filtration rate and stimulates release of renin.

Question 14

histological characteristics of macula densa?

Answer 14

• dark basophilic
• large crowded nuclei
• forms juxtaglomerular apparatus with macula densa

Question 15

histological characteristics of collecting duct?

Answer 15

• as they descend they grow larger, cell size lengthens from cuboidal to columnar.
• apical surdace dome-shaped

Question 16

histologica characteristics of ureter?

Answer 16

• mucosa–> transitional epithelium

- lamina propria–> thin dense ct, elastic fiber

Question 17

layers of transitional epi?

Answer 17

• basal layer–> small cuboidal or small columnar
• intermediate–> larger polygonal or pear shaped
• superfcial–> umbrella cells

Question 18

layers of muscle of ureter?

Answer 18

inner: longitudinal (appear in mid portion)
outer: circular or oblique

Question 19

outermost layer of ureter?

Answer 19

serosa: covers ventral srfc of ureter
adventitia: loose CT, w fibrocyte, collagen and elastic fibers

Question 20

layers of urinary bladder?

Answer 20

mucosa
- lamina propria
- muscularis mucosae
submucosa
muscularis externa 
adventita
serosa: ( upper surface of bladder)

Question 21

layers of muscle in bladder?

Answer 21

• outer and inner longitudinal

- intermediate circular