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HYMS Y1 > Block 4 Pharmacology > Flashcards

Block 4 Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Hydroxocobalamin - class

A

Vitamin B12 precursor

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2
Q

Hydroxocobalamin - MoA

A

Cofactor for conversion of L-methylmalonyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA.
Hb production, fat and carbohydrate metabolism and myelin formation.

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3
Q

Hydroxocobalamin - uses

A

Pernicious anaemia and B12 deficiency

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4
Q

Folic acid - class

A

Vitamin B family member

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5
Q

Folic acid - MoA

A

Stimulates haematopoiesis and is DNA precursor.

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6
Q

Folic acid - uses

A

Folic acid deficiency and megaloblastic anaemia.

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7
Q

Ferrous sulphate - class

A

Iron

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8
Q

Ferrous sulphate - MoA

A

Production of Hb

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9
Q

Ferrous sulphate - uses

A

Iron-deficiency anaemia

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10
Q

Azathioprine - class

A

Purine synthesis inhibitor

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11
Q

Azathioprine - MoA

A

Converted to mercaptopurine, which inhibits DNA synthesis -> prevents clonal proliferation.
Incorporation of thiopurine in DNA structure -> chain termination and cytotoxicity.

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12
Q

Azathioprine - uses

A

RA, transplant rejections and Crohn’s.

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13
Q

Cyclosporine - class

A

Immunosuppressant - cyclophilin inhibitor

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14
Q

Cyclosporine - MoA

A

Binds to cyclophilin and inhibits calcineurin, which inhibits IL-2 transcription -> reduces proliferation of T cells.

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15
Q

Cyclosporine - uses

A

Transplant rejections and RA

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16
Q

Clopidogrel - class

A

ADP antagonist

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17
Q

Clopidogrel - MoA

A

Irreversibly inhibits P2Y12 ADP receptor -> blocks binding site and prevents ADP binding to platelet receptor -> prevents platelet aggregation.

18
Q

Clopidogrel - uses

A

Reduces risk of stroke and MI

19
Q

Heparin - class

A

Anticoagulant

20
Q

Heparin - MoA

A

Binds antithrombin III -> increases rate of thrombin and factor X inactivation -> inhibits thrombosis
Prolongs APTT

21
Q

Heparin - uses

A

Prophylaxis and venous thrombosis

22
Q

Lepirudin - class

A

Direct thrombin inhibitor

23
Q

Lepirudin - MoA

A

Binds thrombin and removes ability to cleave fibrinogen and activate cascade.
Replaced by dabigatran and apixaban.

24
Q

Prednisolone - class

A

Immunosuppressant - glucocorticoid receptor agonist

SAID

25
Q

Prednisolone - MoA

A

Binds receptors and enters cell nucleus and suppresses IL-2 expression and reduces phospholipase A2 activity.

26
Q

Tetanus vaccine - class

A

Live antibodies

27
Q

Tetanus vaccine - MoA

A

Inactive vaccine -> induces weaker IR

28
Q

Warfarin - class

A

Vitamin K antagonist

29
Q

Warfarin - MoA

A

Inhibits vitamin K reductase, which is required to make factors 2, 7, 9 and 10 + protein C and S -> reduces ability to clot.

30
Q

Warfarin - uses

A

Venous thrombosis, thromboembolism, PE and prevention of ischaemic stoke in AF.

31
Q

Chlorphenamine - class

A

Antihistamine

32
Q

Chlorphenamine - MoA

A

Inhibits H1 receptors -> blocks histamine activity.

33
Q

Chlorphenamine - uses

A

Rhinitis, allergy, asthma

34
Q

Diclofenac - class

A

NSAID - COX inhibitor

35
Q

Diclofenac - MoA

A

Inhibits COX -> inhibits peripheral prostaglandin release -> reduces inflammation.
Antipyretic.

36
Q

Diclofenac - uses

A

Pain, dysmenorrhea and ocular inflammation

37
Q

Epinephrine/adrenaline - class

A

Adrenoceptor agonist

38
Q

Epinephrine/adrenaline - MoA

A

Stimulates alpha, beta adrenergic receptors -> increases vasodilation, increases vascular permeability and bronchial smooth muscle relaxation -> alleviates bronchospasm.

39
Q

Epinephrine/adrenaline - uses

A

Anaphylaxis and sepsis

40
Q

Hydrocortisone - class

A

Glucocorticoid nuclear receptor agonist (anti-inflammatory)

SAID

41
Q

Hydrocortisone - MoA

A

Binding to receptor causes increased lipocortin, which is an inhibitor of phospholipase A2 -> reduces inflammation.

42
Q

Hydrocortisone - uses

A

Immune and allergic disorders

HYMS Y1 (25 decks)

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