Hematology

Question 1

leukemoid reaction

Answer 1

benign and temporary leukocytosis

Question 2

what are band cells

Answer 2

immature neutrophils

Question 3

where is EPO made

Answer 3

• mainly in kidney

- small levels in liver

Question 4

erythrocytes

Answer 4

• most abundant blood cell in body
• life span= 120 days
• purpose- gas transport/ oxygen transport

Question 5

transferrin

Answer 5

transports iron

Question 6

ferritin

Answer 6

simple storage form of iron

Question 7

hemosiderin

Answer 7

complex iron stores in macrophages

Question 8

leukocytes

Answer 8

• least abundant blood cells in body
• 5 different tyypes
• life span varies with type

Question 9

granulocytes

Answer 9

• neutrophils
• eosinophils
• basophils

Question 10

agranulocytes

Answer 10

• monocyte

- lymphoctyte

Question 11

neutrophils

Answer 11

• bacterial phagocytosis
• left shift when increase in bands
• live 8-12 hours

Question 12

monocytes

Answer 12

• phagocytosis, immune response, inflammatory response, chronic infection
• migrate to tissue to become macrophages
• last in blood 3 days
• last in tissues 2-3 mo

Question 13

lymphocytes

Answer 13

• viral illness, mononucleosis, involved in immunity

- live days to months, some 20+ years

Question 14

basophil

Answer 14

• allergic reaction, malignancy, parasites

- live 8 hours to days

Question 15

thrombocytes

Answer 15

• produced from megakaryocytes
• “pinched off pieces of cytoplasm”
• life span 5-9 days
• purpose- coagulation

Question 16

what is included in CBC

Answer 16

• RBC count
• Hgb
• Hct
• WBC
• platelet

Question 17

RBC indices

Answer 17

• Mean corpuscular volume
• Mean corpuscular hemoglobin
• mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration
• Red cell distribution width

Question 18

mean corpuscular volume

Answer 18

RBC size

Question 19

mean corpuscular hemoglobin

Answer 19

mean content of Hgb per RBC

Question 20

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration

Answer 20

mean content of total hemoglobin

Question 21

red cell distribution width

Answer 21

variation in size (anisocytosis)

Question 22

indications for bone marrow exams

Answer 22

• pt specific determination
• pancytopenia
• abnormal cells in circulation

Question 23

C/I for bone marrow exam

Answer 23

absolute:
- hemophilia
- severe DIC
- other severe bleeding disorders
NOT C/I
- thrombocytopenia
- therapeutic anticoagulation

Question 24

sites of bone morrow aspiration

Answer 24

• posterior superior iliac crest and spine *
• anterior iliac crest
• greater trochanter
• vertebral bodies or ribs
• sternum (usually c/i)
• tibial (in kids)

Question 25

types of bone marrow biopsy

Answer 25

• core biopsy
• dry tap
• aspirate

Question 26

causes of right shift of oxygen binding curve

Answer 26

• anemia
• increased CO2
• acidosis
• elevated temps
• increased 2,3 DPG

Question 27

causes of left shift of oxygen binding curve

Answer 27

• polycythemia
• alkalosis
• decreased CO2
• hypothermia
• decreased 2,3 DPG
• hemoglobin F

Question 28

anemias based on increased RBC loss

Answer 28

• acute blood loss
• hemolysis
• hypersplenism

Question 29

anemias based on decreased RBC production

Answer 29

• hemoglobin synthesis lesions
• DNA synthesis lesions
• hematopoietic stem cell lesion
• bone marrow infiltration
• immune mediated inhibition

Question 30

vitamin k dependent clotting factors

Answer 30

• II
• VII
• IX
• X

Question 31

PT

Answer 31

• extrinsic pathway

- used for coumadin

Question 32

aPTT

Answer 32

• intrinsic pathway

- used for heparin

Question 33

d-dimer

Answer 33

• terminal fibrin degradation product
• indicates thrombosis wit thrombolysis
• is sensitive but not specific
• anyone in hypercoagulable state will have elevated levels