Ions Flashcards
What is an ion?
Ions are electrically charged particles formed when atoms lose or gain electrons
When would an ion form?
When a atom is attempting to get a full outer shell so loses or gains electrons
Why do atoms want to form ions to make a full outer shell?
To form a stable electronic structure
What charged particle does a metal make when it forms an ion?
It loses one or more electrons so it forms a positive ion
What charged particle does a non metal make when it forms an ion?
It will gain one or more electrons so it forms a negative ion
How can you tell the amount of charge on an ion
The amount of electrons transferred will be the charge number
What groups on the periodic table are the most likely to form ions
groups 1 & 2 metals will lose electrons to form positive electrons
groups 6 & 7 elements are non metals that will gain electrons so form negative electrons
What is ionic bonding?
When a metal and a non-metal react together the metal atom loses electrons to form a positive ion while the non-metal gains the electrons from the metal to form a negative ion. The oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted together by electrostatic forces
Describe the dot and cross diagram for sodium and chlorine reacting to each other
Sodium will be 2,8,1
Chlorine will be 2,8,7
Sodium chloride will be made
sodium ion will be 2,8 charge 1+
chlorine ion will be 2,8,8 charge 1-
Describe the dot and cross diagram for magnesium and oxygen reacting to each other
oxygen 2,6
magnesium 2,8,2
magnesium oxide will be made
magnesium ion will be 2+
oxygen ion will be 2-
What structure does an ionic compound have?
Giant ionic lattice
What is a giant ionic lattice?
ions form closely packed regular lattice arrangement, with strong electrostatic forces of attraction between the oppositely charged ions, IN ALL DIRECTIONS
What properties do ionic compounds usually have
High melting points and high boiling points due to the many strong bonds between the ions. It takes lots of energy to overcome this attraction
When they are solid ions are held in place so the compound cant conduct electricity. When the ionic compound melts the ions are free to move and they’ll carry electric current
Ionic compounds also dissolve easily in water the ions separate and are all free to move in the solution so, they’ll carry electric current
