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Sydney Child Health Program > 3.1 Newborn Exam > Flashcards

3.1 Newborn Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Examination of newborn should always include what measurements?

A

Weight
Height
Head circumference

Plotted on growth charts

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2
Q

What are we observing in neonate skin?

A 
Birthmarks
Rashes
Infections
Colour: jaundice/cyanosis
Skin tags, pits, sinuses
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3
Q

Mainstay treatment for neonatal jaundice?

A

Phototherapy

Biliblanket

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4
Q

What is milia?

A

Subcut fat in small vesicles

Benign

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5
Q

What is acrocyanosis?

A

Benign

Sluggish circulation to peripheries

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6
Q

What is an infantile hemangioma?

A

Benign usually appears shortly after birth

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7
Q

How to differentiate Mongolian blue spot from bruise?

A

Not raised

Doesn’t change colours

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8
Q

How to recognise erythema toxicum?

A

Child is otherwise well
Small red blotchy spots, benign
Day 2-3 appears, is normal

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9
Q

What is neonatal pustular Melanosis?

A

Benign

Not staph infection cause baby is otherwise well

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10
Q

What is seborrhoeic dermatitis?

A

Waxy looking
Moisturiser
Can indicate future eczema?

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11
Q

Difference between port wine stain and hemangioma?

A

Portwine stain is flat, not raised. Also does not involute

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12
Q

Omphalitis is?

A

Inflammation/infection around the umbilicus

Needs hospital admission and IV antis

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13
Q

What is the head circumference range at birth?

A

33-37cm

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14
Q

Why is it important to differentiate between caput succedaneum and cephalohematoma?

A

Cephalohematoma is a subperiosteal bleed and may be a source for jaundice

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15
Q

Does caput cross sutures?

A

Yes cause it’s in a plane superior to bone

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16
Q

Skull shape defects, main two

A

Positional plagiocephaly

Early fusion of sutures

17
Q

What are two complications of shoulder dystocia?

A

Clavicular fracture

Torticollis

18
Q

What is torticollis?

A

Shortening and fibrosis of one of the sternocladomastoids

19
Q

Neonatal Eye Exam look for what generally?

A

Red Reflex

Discharge: conjunctivitis

20
Q

Leucokoria could mean what in a neonate?

A

Retinoblastoma

Cataract

21
Q

What is coloboma?

A

Iris defect

Refer

22
Q

What is hazy cornea?

A

Associated with glaucoma

Refer

23
Q

How to enhance eye opening in infants?

A 
Sitting up
Feed baby
Rock them
Turn baby on side
Dim lights
Another appt
24
Q

What to look for on nose examination?

A

Shape
Natency of nostrils
Nasal flaring

25
Q

What to look for in mouth exam?

A 
Cleft palate
Big I’d uvula
Tongue tie
Neonatal teeth
Large tongue
Small mandible
26
Q

Example of dysmorphic features?

A

Low set ears
Upslanting eyes
Epicanthic folds

27
Q

If baby is sucking on hand/breast excessively can get?

A

Sucking blisters

28
Q

Neonatal cardio-Resp exam?

A

-Colour
-Breathing pattern and rate
-Nasal flaring/subcostal recession
-cardiac apex
-murmurs
FEMORAL PULSES
O2 says

29
Q

Neonatal Abdo exam?

A
  • umbilicus -omphalitis, # vessels
  • organomegaly
  • hernias - inguinal/umbilical
  • Genitalia: hypospadias
30
Q

What to look for in genitalia/anus neonate?

A

Testes, hypospadias
Ambiguous genitalia

Anus: imperforate anus/displaced anus

31
Q

Neonatal limb examination includes?

A 
Hands-Simeon crease - polydactyly
Feet: talipes, 
Posture
Muscle tone
Symmetry of limb movement
Femoral pulses
32
Q

What is syndactyly?

A

Fusion of one or more fingers

33
Q

MSK neonatal exam of hip?

Developmental dysphasia of the hips

A

Barlow: ‘dislocating mov’t’
Ortolani: ‘ relocating’

Thigh creases
Shortening of one limb

34
Q

Conservative mx of mild hip dysplasia ?

A

Pavlik harness

35
Q

Fixed talipes with equinovarus mx?

A

Screened for other genetic issues

Refer to ortho

36
Q

Neonatal spine exam?

A 
Dimples
Hairy patch
Naevus
Swellings: lipomas/meningoceles
Congenital scoliosis
37
Q

How to test neonatal muscle tone?

A

Pull to sit
Ventral suspension

Symmetry of limb movement

38
Q

What primitive reflexes in neonates?

A 
Sucking
Grasp
Moro / startled
Tonic neck reflex
Stepping
39
Q

Always check what in neonates?

A
  • Red reflex
  • Heart/femoral pulses
  • Hips
  • Genitalia

Sydney Child Health Program (113 decks)

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