Gender Bias

Question 1

What is universality?

Answer 1

A characteristic applicable to all despite differences in experience & upbringing.

Question 2

Why may bias be inevitable?

Answer 2

Influence of Social & Historical Contexts

Question 3

What is Alpha Bias?

Answer 3

Psychological theory that exaggerates differences between sexes. Differences are real & enduring. Difference may heighten the value of women but mainly devalue.

Question 4

Wilson proposed the theory of (1975)

Answer 4

Survival Efficiency

Question 5

How do Males & Females increase survival of genes (Wilson)

Answer 5

M: Impregnate many females
F: Ensures Survival of offspring

Question 6

Sexual Proximity (Wilson) in males & females

Answer 6

M: Naturally selected & genetically determined
F: Goes against nature

Question 7

Wilson Theory of Survival Efficiency is an example of…

Answer 7

Alpha Bias

Question 8

What is Beta bias?

Answer 8

Psychological theory that minimises difference between sexes. Females excluded. Findings applied equally.

Question 9

Initial Research of FOF suggests…

Answer 9

It’s a universal response to stress

Question 10

Taylor et al

Answer 10

Females biology inhibits FOFR. Tend/Befriend response,governed by oxytocin.

Question 11

Taylor et al’s theory of tend/befriend is an example off..

Answer 11

Beta Bias

Question 12

What is androcentrism?

Answer 12

Consequence of beta bias.Male centred - Normal behaviour judged to male standard.Behaviour that deviates is ‘abnormal or inferior’. Female behaviour is misunderstood or pathologized.

Question 13

PMS (pre-menstrual syndrome) & Androcentrism:

Answer 13

Feminists object to the category of PMS.Medicalises female emotions by explaining in hormonal terms. Male anger is seen as a rational response to external pressures (Brescoll & Uhlmann - 2008)