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GA II KSU > Assignment 11 (Equine) > Flashcards

Assignment 11 (Equine) Flashcards

1
Q

How does the scapula of the horse differ from the dog?

A

Horses have no acromion and they do have a tuberosity of the scapular spine.

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2
Q

How does the humerus of the horse differ from the dog?

A

NO supratrochlear or supracondylar foramen on the horse.

The horse has a intermediate tubercle and bicipital grooves

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3
Q

The shoulder joint- what are the structural and functional categories?

A

spheroidal joint in structure

hinge joint in function

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4
Q

What are the primary movements of the shoulder?

A

flexion and extension

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5
Q

There are no collateral ligaments of the shoulder in the dog or horse. True or false?

A

True

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6
Q

What muscles acts as a medial and lateral collateral ligaments in the horse?

A

lateral - infraspinatus m. (and supraspinatus m. to a lesser extent)

medial- subscapularis

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7
Q

What ligaments would you find on the shoulder? What are the origins and insertions?

A

Medial and lateral glenohumeral ligaments. They are poorly developed. They arise on the supraglenoid tubercle and end on the greater and lesser tubercles.

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8
Q

What is arthrocentesis?

A

The clinical procedure of using a syringe to collect synovial fluid from a joint capsule. It is also known as joint aspiration.

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9
Q

What are the applications of arthrocentesis?

A

intraarticular anesthesia

administer medication

collect synovial fluid

administer a radiographic contract medium

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10
Q

What muscles extend the shoulder?

A

supraspinatus
biceps
brachiocephalicus

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11
Q

What muscles flex the shoulder?

A 
infraspinatus
deltoideus
teres minor
subscapularis
teres major
coracobrachialis
triceps - long head
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12
Q

O, I, A of infraspinatus

A

O: infraspinatous fossa

I: greater tubercle

A: acts as lateral collateral ligament of the shoulder joint

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13
Q

Where is the infraspinatus bursa?

A

Inbetween the tendon and the greater tubercle

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14
Q

O, I, A of subscapularis

A

O: subscapular fossa

I: lesser tubercle

A: acts as medial collateral ligament of the shoulder joint

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15
Q

Where is the bursa of subscapularis?

A

between the tendon and the lesser tubercle

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16
Q

O & I teres major

A

O: caudal angle of the scapula

I: teres major tuberosity (with the latissimus dorsi)

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17
Q

Where is the bursa for teres major?

A

There is none.

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18
Q

What nerves are associated with teres major? Descrbe their location to teres major.

A

Axillary nerve runs proximal to teres major m.

Radial nerve runs distal to teres major.

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19
Q

What is the main arterial supply of the forelimb and how does the name of the artery change as you move distally?

A

axillary a. –> brachial a. –> median a. –> medial palmar a.

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20
Q

At what point does the axillary artery’s name change and what does it change to?

A

Bifurcates to cranial circumflex humeral a. and continues as the brachial a.

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21
Q

At what point does the brachial artery’s name change and what does it change to?

A

Bifurcates into median and common interosseous arteries. Continues as median.

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22
Q

At what point does the median artery’s name change and what does it change to?

A

Bifurcates to lateral palmar a. and continues as medial palmar a.

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23
Q

The axillary artery is a branch of the ________ artery.

A

Subclavian

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24
Q

What veins of the forelimb are absent in the horse?

A

Axillobrachial and omobrachial veins

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25
Q

The deep venous system of the forelimb is formed by the tributaries of which vein?

A

axillary

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26
Q

Where does the accessory cephalic vein join the cephalic vein?

A

At the elbow

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27
Q

What vein acts as the connection between the cephalic and brachial veins?

A

median cubital vein

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28
Q

What nerve branches form the brachial plexus?

A

Ventral branches of spinal nerves C6, C7, C8, T1, and T2

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29
Q

What do the nerves of the brachial plexus innervate?

A

Extrinsic and intrinsic muscles, skin of the thoracic limb, and lateral wall of the thorax

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30
Q

What innervates serratus ventralis?

A

long thoracic n.

31
Q

What innervates latissimus dorsi?

A

thoracodorsal n.

32
Q

What innervates cutaneous trunci?

A

lateral thoracic n.

33
Q

What innervates the superficial pectorals and the subclavius muscle?

A

cranial pectoral n.

34
Q

What innervates the deep pectorals?

A

caudal pectoral n.

35
Q

What is the terminal lymph nose of the forelimb of the horse?

A

There is no single terminal lymph node.

36
Q

What drains to the superficial cervical lymph nodes?

A

Lymph from the …

Superficial and proximal part of the forelimb - muscles and joints.

Caudal portion of the head (TMJ).

All bones of the thoracic limb except the ulna.

37
Q

What bone of the thoracic limb does NOT drain into the superficial cervical ln?

A

ulna

38
Q

Where does the lymph that does not drain into the superficial cervical lymph node drain?

A

axillary lymph center

39
Q

What are the two parts of the greater tubercle?

A

cranial and caudal

40
Q

What are the two parts of the lesser tubercle?

A

cranial and caudal

41
Q

What animal has a supracondyler foramen?

A

the cat

42
Q

What is special about the scapula of the horse?

A

It has a tuberosity of the scapular spine and no acromion

43
Q

What is sweeny? What nerve is it associated with?

A

Suprascapular paralysis

Suprascapular nerve

44
Q

Where is the injection site of the shoulder?

A

Cranial margin of the infraspinatus tendon at the level of the notch between the cranial and caiudal parts of the greater tubercle.

45
Q

What vein acts as the connection between the superficial and deep venous systems of the forelimb?

A

Median cubital vein

46
Q

What veins are absent in the forelimb of the horse?

A

Axillobrachial and omobrachial

47
Q

What veins make up the superficial venous system of the forelimb?

A

Cephalic and accessory cephalic

48
Q

What are the branches of the axillary artery?

A

external thoracic artery

subscapular artery

cranial circumflex humeral artery

49
Q

What are the branches of the brachial artery?

A

deep brachial a.

bicipital a.

collateral ulnar a.

transverse cubital a.

50
Q

What lymph nodes make up the axillary lymph center?

A

axillary ln

cubital ln

51
Q

Location, afferent lymph vessel and efferent lymph vessels of the axillary ln

A

location: caudal to shoulder joint where axillary artery bifurcates
afferent: arrive from MUSCLES of shoulder, arm, elbow, and cubital ln. and skin on lateral side of the shoulder and the arm
efferent: drain into the caudal deep cervicalln.

52
Q

Location, afferent lymph vessel and efferent lymph vessels of the cubital ln.

A

location: medial and proximal to elbow between biceps and medial head of the triceps
afferent: skin, muscles, joints, and bones distal to its location
efferent: terminate in the axillary ln

53
Q

What muscle(s) the suprascapular nerve innervate?

A

supraspinatus and infraspinatus mm

54
Q

What muscle(s) does the subscapular nerve innervate?

A

subscapular m

55
Q

What muscle(s) does the axillary nerve innervate?

A

teres major and deltoideus mm

56
Q

What muscle(s) does the musculocutaneous nerve innervate?

A

flexor muscles of the elbow joint

57
Q

What nerve creates the ansa axillaris?

A

musculocutaneous n

58
Q

What muscle(s) does the radial nerve innervate?

A

extensor muscles of the elbow, carpal and digital joints

59
Q

What would be the results of a radial nerve injury proximal to the tricipital branch? What symptoms would we see?

A

paralysis of the extensors of the elbow

non-weightbearing lameness

dropped elbow, and the hoof is rested on its dorsal aspect

60
Q

What would be the results of a radial nerve injury distal to the tricipital branch? What symptoms would we see?

A

less severe than more proximal injury

normal stance of the shoulder and elbow

may rest the dorsal surface of the hoof on the ground

61
Q

What osseous structure is mission on the horse scapula, but is found on the dog?

A

acromion

62
Q

What joint does not have collateral ligaments?

A

shoulder joint

63
Q

What structures are palpable landmarks for shoulder joint injection?

A

cranial and caudal parts of the greater tubercle

64
Q

What muscle tendon acts as the medial collateral ligament of the shoulder joint?

A

subscapularis m.

65
Q

After the brachial artery gives off the ____ artery, it becomes the median artery.

A

transverse cubital a.

66
Q

The transverse cubital artery is a direct branch of the _____ artery.

A

brachial a.

67
Q

The _____ vein joins the cephalic vein at the elbow.

A

accessory v.

68
Q

Name of veins of the superficial venous system.

A

accessory cephalic and cephalic veins

69
Q

The ventral branches of which spinal nerves from the brachial plexus in the horse?

A

C6-8, T1-2

70
Q

The supraspinatus and the infraspinatus muscles are innervated by the ____ nerve.

A

suprascapular n

71
Q

What two nerves are connected by ansa axillaris in the horse forelimb?

A

musculocutaneous n. and median n.

72
Q

The musculocutaneous nerve innervates which muscle group?

A

biceps brachii, coracobrachialis, and brachialis m.

73
Q

Name the lymph nodes of the axillary lymph center.

A

proper axillary ln

cubital ln

GA II KSU (11 decks)

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