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Gastroenterology > Pass medicine question info > Flashcards

Pass medicine question info Flashcards

1
Q

Carcinoid syndrome features

A

flushing (often earliest symptom)
diarrhoea
bronchospasm
hypotension
right heart valvular stenosis (left heart can be affected in bronchial carcinoid)
other molecules such as ACTH and GHRH may also be secreted resulting in, for example, Cushing’s syndrome
pellagra can rarely develop as dietary tryptophan is diverted to serotonin by the tumour

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2
Q

calcium channel blocker SE

A

dyspepsia exacerbation

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3
Q

Grey Turner’s sign can indicate what?

A

acute pancreatitis

–> bruising of the flanks

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4
Q

retroperitoneal organs

acronym: SADPUCKER

A 
S = Suprarenal (adrenal) glands.
A = Aorta/Inferior Vena Cava.
D = Duodenum (second and third segments)
P = Pancreas.
U = Ureters.
C = Colon (ascending and descending only)
K = Kidneys.
E = Esophagus.
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5
Q

Retroperitoneal haemorrhage can have what sign?

A

grey turners - bruising from last rib to top of hip

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6
Q

Atrophic gastritis - what is it? what does it lead to?

A

chronic inflammation of the stomach mucosa

leading to loss of gastric glandular cells –> FIBROSIS

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7
Q

what is malabsoprbed in atrophic gastritis?

A

B12

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8
Q

What can atrophic gastritis lead to?

A

pernicious anaemia

fibrosis

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9
Q

how to diagnose atrophic gastritis?

A

biopsy

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10
Q

Familial adenomatous polyposis have what mutation?

A

APC gene

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11
Q

what does familial adenomatous polyposis testing show?

A

colonic adenomas

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12
Q

what organism causes necrotising fascitis?

A

Streptococcus

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13
Q

what can you hear with auscultating with necrotising fascitis?

A

crackles

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14
Q

what is urea breath test used for?

A

h pylori

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15
Q

what is Meckels diverticulum

A
  • congenital

- diverticulum in SI

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16
Q

how to diagnose Meckels diverticulum

A

scan

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17
Q

barretts oesophagus cell changes

A

stratified squamous to simple columnar epithelium

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18
Q

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

A

autosomal dominant
hamartomatous polyps
pigmented freckles on the lips, face, palms and soles

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19
Q

what is a whipples procedure

A

remove the head of the pancreas, the first part of the small intestine (duodenum), the gallbladder and the bile duct

20
Q

mallory-weiss tear can come from what?

A

forceful vomiting

21
Q

palmar erythema from what?

A

chronic liver disease

22
Q

spider naive from what

A

liver disease

high estrogen

23
Q

pyloric stenosis

A 
2-6 weeks of age
projectile vomiting following feeds
remain hungry after vomiting
olive shaped mass in the right upper quadrant
peristalsis
24
Q

infantile colic

A

paroxysms of crying - KEY

not so much vomitting

25
Q

Cows milk protein intolerance

A

D then V

26
Q

Galactosaemia

A

autosomal recessive metabolic conditions
failure to thrive
vomiting - not projectile

27
Q

how to diagnose pyloric stenosis?

A

ultrasound

28
Q

what does a ghon complex on x ray mean?

A

TB

29
Q

common cause of diverticula disease

A

low fibre diet

30
Q

gilberts

A

increased unconjugated

increased BR

31
Q

fotb

A

faecal occult blood test -evereyone 60-74

then invited for colonoscop

32
Q

GORD is associated with which cancer?

A

oesophageal adenocarcinoma

33
Q

diverticulitis symptoms

A

diarrhoea

pain in left lian fossa

34
Q

achlasia

A

dysphagia of BOTH liquids and solids
typically variation in severity of symptoms
heartburn
regurgitation of food - may lead to cough, aspiration pneumonia etc
malignant change in small number of patients

35
Q

liver failure triad

A

encephalopathy, jaundice and coagulopathy

36
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

common cause of confusion and encephalopathy in alcoholic liver disease patients and is due to a deficiency of thiamine.

37
Q

pancretic cancer

A

painless jaundice

38
Q

pharengeal pouch symptoms

A 
dysphagia
regurgitation
aspiration
neck swelling which gurgles on palpation
halitosis
39
Q

resp distress symptoms

A

dyspnoea
elevated respiratory rate
bilateral lung crackles
low oxygen saturations

40
Q

what is pellagra

A

b3 deficiency
rash, diarrhoea, cognition impair
vegans

41
Q

beriberi symptoms

A

Difficulty walking.
Loss of feeling (sensation) in hands and feet.
Loss of muscle function or paralysis of the lower legs.
Mental confusion/speech difficulties.
Pain.
Strange eye movements (nystagmus)
Tingling.
Vomiting.

42
Q

signs of wilsons

A

ementia, tremor or dyskinesias
with alt dearrangment levels
neuro and psychiatric symptoms

43
Q

coeliacs signs

A

anemia
low feritin
fatty stools

44
Q

what is painless jaundice

A

pancreatic cancer

45
Q

gallstones mneumonic

A

fair: more prevalent in the Caucasian population 1
fat: BMI >30
female
fertile: one or more children
forty: age ≥40

46
Q

pancreatitis symptoms

A

epigastric pain

radiates to back

Gastroenterology (3 decks)

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