LAB 2

Question 1

pulmonary ventilation

Answer 1

breathing

• inspiration
• respiration

Question 2

external respiration

Answer 2

gas exchange between alveoli and pulmonary capillaries

Question 3

internal respiration

Answer 3

gas exchange between systemic capillaries and cells

Question 4

cellular respiration

Answer 4

happens inside cell (mitochondria) Glucose + oxygen = CO2 + H2O + ATP

Question 5

Air moves from regions of ______ pressure to regions of ________ pressure. During inspiration, the ________ contracts increasing the volume in the thoracic cavity. This leads to a _______ in pressure in the lungs and air moves from the atmosphere into the lungs. If the diaphragm relaxes then the abdominal pressure forces the diaphragm upward and ____ pressure in the thoracic cavity beyond that of the atmospheric pressure causing air to move ____ of the lungs.

Answer 5

high
low
diaphragm
decrease
increase
out

Question 6

Tidal volume

Answer 6

air exchanged after normal inspiration (quiet breathing)

-normal = 500mL or .5L

Question 7

inspiratory reserve volume

Answer 7

air in excess of tidal inspiration the can be inhaled w/ max effort.
-normal = 3.3L

Question 8

Expiratory reserve volume

Answer 8

air in excess of tidal expiration that can be exhaled w, max effort.
-normal = 1.0 - 1.2L

Question 9

Residual volume

Answer 9

air still lungs after max expiration, keeps alveoli inflated.
-normal= 1.1-1.2 L

Question 10

Vital capacity

Answer 10

VC= IRV + TV + ERV
-normal= 5L (age, gender, body sized)

Question 11

Inspiratory capacity

Answer 11

max amount of air in lungs after a normal (tidal) expiration

Question 12

Functional residual capacity

Answer 12

amount of air in lungs after a normal respiration (tidal)

Question 13

total lung capacity

Answer 13

TLC= TV + IRV + ERV + RV

-6L

Question 14

Forced vital capacity (FVC)

Answer 14

amount of air you can exhale

Question 15

FEV1

Answer 15

total amount of air you can forcefully exhale in 1st second.

you should be able to exhale 75% or more.

Question 16

What does an FEV1/FVC over 76% indicate? what about a value of less than 76%?

Answer 16

good

bad

Question 17

How does FEV1/FVC compare in a person with an obstructive pulmonary condition, such as asthma, when compared to a healthy individual? Why?

Answer 17

a bad FEV

Question 18

How does the FEV1/FVC compare in a person with a pulmonary restrictive condition, such as asbestosis when compared to a healthy individual? why?

Answer 18

reduced compliance, bad VC, can’t expand lungs as well, less air

Question 19

what is a buffer?

Answer 19

helps resist dramatic changes w/ pH

Question 20

What is the importance of the carbonic acid/ bicarbonate buffer system?

Answer 20

keeps body pH regulated

Question 21

Write the reaction that is facilitated by carbonic anhydrase. list several factors that shift the equilibrium of the reaction.

Answer 21

to right: holding breath, breathing into something, exercise , lung disease. (systemic capillaries)
to left: hyperventilating (pulmonary capillaries)
CO2 + H2O = H2CO3 = HCO3- + H+

as H+ increases pH decreases (less than 7 (acid))

Question 22

How successful was water in resisting pH changes when strong acid (HCL) or a strong base (NaOH) was added?

Answer 22

pH got more basic w/ NaOH

pH got more acidic w/ HCL

Question 23

How successful was the buffer solution in resisting pH changes when a strong acid (HCL) or a strong base (NaOH) was added?

Answer 23

it was successful

Question 24

how does carbonic acid buffer deal with excess acid?

Answer 24

it forms bicarbonate

H + OH = H2CO3

Question 25

How does carbonic acid buffer deal with excess base?

Answer 25

H + OH = H2O

base forms water

Question 26

Ph of deionized water

Answer 26

6.56