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Pharmo for medic school > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

1
Q

Antibiotic definition

A

Chemical that is produced by one microbe that has the ability to harm another microbe
Given to slow growth of bacteria or kill them

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2
Q

Antimicrobial agent definition

A

Any agent, natural or synthetic, which has ability to kill or suppress microorganisms

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3
Q

Bacteriostatic stop growth by

A

DNA replication
Metabolism
Protein production

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4
Q

Bacteriacidial

A

Kills bacteria

Penicillin, amoxicillin, flucloxacclin

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5
Q

Selective toxicitiy exploited in 3 main ways

A

Disruption of bacteria cell wall
Inhibition of enzymes unique to bacteria
Disruption of bacterial protein synthesis

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6
Q

Sulfonamids (bactrim)

A

Inhibit enzyme needed to make folic acid (mammalian cells can acquire from diet)

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7
Q

Disruption of protein synthesis

A

Certain antimicrobial agens can affect the function of bacterial ribosomes and prevent protein synthesis from happening as bacteria ribosomes are different than mammalian

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8
Q

7 classes and MOA for antibiotics

A

Weakening of cell wall causing lysis and death penicillin

Increase permeability of cell membrane causing leakage of intracellular material

Inhibition (lethal) of folic acid synthesis - gentamicin

Nonlethal inhibition of proteins tetracyclines don’t kill just slow

Ciprofloxacin inhibits bacterial synthesis of DNA and RNA

Antimetabolites decrease synthesis of essential cell function

Suppression of viral replication

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9
Q

Narrow spectrum

A

For gram positive cocci and bacilli
Gram negative aerobes
Mycobacterium TB

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10
Q

Broad spectrum

A

Also gram positive cocci and gram negative bacilli

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11
Q

Antiviral drugs

A

HIV infection, influenza, others

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12
Q

4 mechs for drug resistance

A

Reduction of drug concentration at site of action (microbes cease activity of uptake, or increase export)
Drug inactivation by microbes
Alteration of drug target molecules
Production of antagonist compounds

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13
Q

3 prinicpals for antibiotic selection

A

Oragnism, sensativity of organism, host factors (immune system etc)

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14
Q

Tough sites to reach with antiobiotics

A

Meningitis, endocarditis, infected abscessesm foregin material (valves, pacemakers)

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15
Q

Untreatable infections

A

Common cold, bronchitis, sore throat, sinusitis

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16
Q

Toxoid

A

A bacterial toxin that has been changed into a nontoxic form

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17
Q

True contras

A

Anaphylaxis and moderate or severe illness with or without a fever

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18
Q

Not contras for vaccines

A

Mild to moderate local reaction, mild acute illness, diarrhea, antimicrobial therapy, recovery phase of illness, prematuriry, exposure, penacillin/other allergies

19
Q

Measles

A

Viral, rash and high fever
Spread by inhalation of sputum or contact with secretions
Risk of encephalitis

20
Q

Mumps

A

Viral disease of salivary glands, swelling/pain/fever

Risk of meningitis

21
Q

Rubella

A

Viral, sore throat, fever, swollen lymph nodes, rash

Can cause miscarriage, stillbirth and congenital defects

22
Q

Diptheria

A

Lethal bacteria infection characterized by sore through, fever, headache, nausea, airway compromise, heart failure, paralysis

23
Q

Tetanus

A

Lethal bacteria infection caused by muscle cell spasm, spread by soild dust and feces

24
Q

Pertussis

A

Lethal bacteria infection chracterized by persistent cough

Seizures, ear infections, pneumonia, neuro damage

25
Q

Polio

A

Muscle paralysis, Viral

26
Q

Haemophilus influenza type B

A

Bacterial, meningitis, pneumonia and throat/ear infections

Leading cause of bacterial meningits and can cause permanent neuro damage

27
Q

Varicella

A

Chicken pox
Viral, skin lesions, fever, malaise, loss of appetite,
Children are prone to cerebellar ataxia and reyes syndrome
Pneumonia in adults, fatality more likely

28
Q

Hep B

A

Viral liver infection. Anorexia, malaise, diarrhea, vomiting, jaundice and pain
Cirrhosis, liver cancer, death

29
Q

Hep A

A

Viral infection of the liver characterized by same critera as Hep B less complications than B though
Spread via oral and fecal route

30
Q

Pneumoccal infection

A

Lethal bacteria, meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, ear infections
Leading cause of childhoold bacterial meningitis and may lead to perma nero damage

31
Q

Meningococcal infection

A

Lethal bacteria characterized by meningitis

Spread via resp secretions

32
Q

Influenza

A

Viral, fever, cough, chills, sore throat, headache, myalgia
Bronchitis and pneumonia
Spread via droplets

33
Q

Rotavirus

A

Viral infection of intestinal mucosa characterized by stomach pain/fever/vomiting and dirrhea
Severe dehydration
Fecal-oral route

34
Q

Genital HPV

A

most common STI
Genital warts or cervical cancer
Spread via sexual contact

35
Q

MMR

A

12-15 months and again at 4-6
May cause anaphylaxis and thrombocytopenia
Three live viruses

36
Q

DTaP - Diptheria/ Tetanus toxoids, acellular pertussis

A

May cause encephalopathy
Given at 2, 4, 6, 15-18 months and 4-6 years
Boosters at 11-12 then every ten years

37
Q

Poliovirus Vaccine

A

Inactivated poliovirus
No serious effects - not a live virus anymore
2,4, 61-8 months 4-6 years

38
Q

Haemophilius infleunza type B conjuagte vaccine LOL SPELLING

A

Pollysaccharide from HIB combined with diptheria toxoid, tetanus toixoid or a membrane protein from neisseria
No serious effects

39
Q

HPV vaccine

A

May cause Guillain-Barre

Females 11-12 y/o three doses in 6 months

40
Q

Rotavirus

A

Live that protects against 4-5 of most common subtypes

No serious effects

41
Q

Meningoccocal conjugate vaccine MCV4

A

May cause guillain barre

Given at 11-12years

42
Q

Influenze vaccine

A

Live or inactivated
Guillain Barre or anaphylaxis
October/november started at 6-18months

43
Q

Hep A vaccine

A

Inactivated

Anaphylaxis

Pharmo for medic school (26 decks)

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