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A2 Chemistry > Period 3 Oxides > Flashcards

Period 3 Oxides Flashcards

1
Q

Describe what you would observe when sodium reacts with water

A

Vigorous reaction
Fizzing
Floating on water
Movement on water

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2
Q

Why does sodium float on water?

A

Because it’s less dense

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3
Q

Is the reaction between sodium and water endo or exothermic?

A

Exothermic

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4
Q

Give the molecular equation of sodium and water

A

2Na + 2H2O —-> 2NaOH + H2

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5
Q

What is the pH of the solution formed from sodium and water?

A

Alkaline

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6
Q

Describe what you would observe when magnesium reacts with cold water

A

Slow reaction

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7
Q

Give the molecular equation of magnesium and cold water

A

Mg + 2H2O —> Mg(OH)2 + H2

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8
Q

What state is the magnesium hydroxide in when it’s formed from magnesium and cold water?

A

As a thin layer on the magnesium

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9
Q

Describe what you would observe when magnesium reacts with steam?

A

Vigorous reaction
White light
Produces white solid

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10
Q

Give the molecular equation of magnesium and steam

A

Mg + H2O (g) —-> MgO + H2

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11
Q

How would you set up a reaction of magnesium and steam?

A

Put test tube into a clamp with damp cotton wool and magnesium
Attach delivery tube to test tube and upturned glass tube/measuring cylinder under water in trough of water
Heat to produce steam

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12
Q

Give the equation of sodium and oxygen

A

4Na + O2 —> 2Na2O

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13
Q

What is observed when sodium and oxygen react

A

Burns with a yellow flame

Forms white solid of Na2O

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14
Q

Is sodium oxide acidic, basic or amphoteric?

A

Basic

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15
Q

What is the bonding in sodium oxide and explain how this relates to its properties

A

Giant ionic lattice - gives it a high melting point

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16
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of magnesium and oxygen

A

2Mg + O2 —> 2MgO

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17
Q

Describe what you would observe in the reaction of magnesium and oxygen

A

Burns with a white flame to produce a white solid

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18
Q

Is magnesium oxide basic, acidic or amphoteric?

A

Basic

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19
Q

What is the bonding in magnesium oxide and explain how this relates to its properties

A

Giant ionic lattice - high melting point

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20
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of aluminium and oxygen

A

4Al + 3O2 —> 2Al2O3

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21
Q

Describe what you would see when aluminium and oxygen react

A

Burns with a white flame to produce a white solid

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22
Q

Is aluminium acidic, basic or amphoteric

A

Amphoteric

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23
Q

What is the bonding in aluminium oxide?

A

Ionic, but because of the high charges on the ions they polarise and the compound has some covalent character

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24
Q

In what form does aluminium react best and why?

A

In the powdered form bc as foil, a passive protective oxide layer prevents reaction

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25
Q

Give the equation for the reaction of silicon and oxygen

A

Si + O2 —-> SiO2

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26
Q

What are the conditions for the reaction of silicon and oxygen?

A

Heated strongly

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27
Q

What kind of bonding does silicon dioxide have?

A

Covalent - macromolecular

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28
Q

Is silicon dioxide acidic, amphoteric or basic?

A

Acidic

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29
Q

What are the formulae of the two oxides of sulfur dioxide?

A

SO2 and SO3

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30
Q

Give the equations which form the two oxides of sulfur

A

S + O2 —> SO2

2SO2 + O2 —- 2SO3

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31
Q

Describe what you would see when sulfur reacts with oxygen

A

Yellow solid sulfur melts to a red liquid which burns with a blue flame

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32
Q

What is the trend in bonding across period 3?

A

Gets more covalent

Goes from giant ionic to molecular covalent

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33
Q

What is the trend in melting point across period 3?

A

Melting point decreases bc lower Mr and weaker bonding so less energy needed to break the intermolecular forces + bonds

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34
Q

What is the trend in pH of the oxides across period 3?

A

Oxides get more acidic as you go from left to right

pH decreases

35
Q

Explain the change in melting point between Na2O and MgO

A

Increases - ions in MgO have a higher charge and are smaller so they pack more tightly together and are held together strongly

36
Q

Explain the change in melting point between MgO and Al2O3

A

Decreases - Bc of the high charge on Al2O3 the electrons polarises so it has some covalent character

37
Q

Explain the change in melting point between Al2O3 and SiO2

A

Lower than Al2O3 but still high bc macroolecular so hella energy needed to break the covalent bonds

38
Q

Explain the change in melting point between SiO2 and P4O10 and SO2

A

Decreases bc P4O10 is molecular covalent so weak intermolecular forces. Still higher than SO2 bc higher Mr

39
Q

Give the equation of phosphorous and oxygen

A

4P + 5O2 —> P4O10

40
Q

Is phosphorus oxide acidic, basic or amphoteric?

A

Acidic

41
Q

Give the equation of sodium oxide and water

A

2Na2O + 2H2O —-> 4NaOH

42
Q

Give the equation of magnesium oxide and water

A

MgO + H2O —> Mg(OH)2

43
Q

Why do sodium oxide and magnesium oxide dissolve in water to give basic solutions?

A

Because they have an O2- ion which acts as a base
O2- + 2H2O —> 4OH-
O2- + 2H+ —–> H2O

44
Q

Why don’t Al2O3 and SiO2 dissolve in water?

A

Because they’re insoluble

45
Q

Give the equation of phosphorus oxide and water

A

P4O10 + 6H2O —> 4H3PO4

46
Q

Give the equation of sulfur dioxide with water

A

SO2 + H2O —-> H2SO3

47
Q

Give the equation of sulfur trioxide with water

A

SO3 + H2O —–> H2SO4

48
Q

What is the pH of the solutions of ionic oxides

A

Basic

49
Q

What is the pH of the solutions of covalent oxides

A

Acidic

50
Q

Give the reaction of sodium oxide with hydrochloric acid

A

Na2O + HCl —> NaCl + H2O

51
Q

Give the reaction of magnesium oxide and hydrochloric acid

A

MgO + 2HCl —> MgCl2 + H2O

52
Q

Why can magnesium oxide and sodium oxide react with hydrochloric acid?

A

They’re bases so they can react with acids. O2- ions react with H+ in water or acids

53
Q

Give the reaction of aluminium oxide and hydrochloric acids

A

Al2O3 + 6HCl —-> 2AlCl3 + 3H2O

54
Q

Give the reaction of aluminium oxide and sodium hydroxide

A

Al2O3 + 2NaOH + 3H2O —-> 2NaAl(OH)4

55
Q

Give the equations of the reaction of phosphoric acid with sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH + H3PO4 —-> NaH2PO4 + H2O
2NaOH + H3PO4 —-> NaHPO4 + 2H2O
3NAOH + H3P4 —–> NaPO4 + 3H2O

56
Q

Give the reaction of silicon dioxie and calcium oxide

A

SiO2 + CaO —> CaSiO3

57
Q

Give the reaction of silicon dioxide and sodium hydroxide

A

SiO2 + 2NaOH —-> Na2SiO3 + H2O

58
Q

Give the reactionof sufur dioxide and sodium hydroxide

A

NaOH + SO2 —> Na2SO3 + H2O

59
Q

Give the reaction of sodium sulfite and sulfur dioxide

A

Na2SO3 + H2O + SO2 —-> 2NaHSO3

60
Q

Ionic formula of aluminium oxide and an acid

A

Al2O3 + 6H+ —–> Al^3+ + 3H2O

61
Q

Ionic formula of aluminium oxide and a base

A

Al2O3 + 2OH- + 3H2O —–> 2Al(OH)4-

62
Q

Ionic formula of silicon dioxide with a base

A

SiO2 + OH- —-> SiO3^2- + H2O

63
Q

Ionic formula of phosphorus oxide with a base

A

P4O10 + 12OH- —> PO4^3- + 6H2O

64
Q

Equation of phosphorus oxide and sodium oxide

A

P4O10 + 6Na2O —-> 4Na3PO4

65
Q

Equation of phosphorus oxide and magnesium oxide

A

P4O10 + MgO —-> Mg3(PO4)2

66
Q

Sulfur dioxide and a base

A

SO2 + OH- —-> SiO3^2- + H2O

67
Q

Sulfur trioxide and a base

A

SO3 + 2OH- —-> SO4^2- + H2O

68
Q

What do acid oxides form when they react with water?

A

Oxyacids

69
Q

What is the bonding in oxyacids

A

Covalent

70
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of all anions from phosphoric acid?

A

Tetrahedral - 109.5

71
Q

What is the formula of phosphoric acid?

A

H3PO4

72
Q

What is the formula of the dihydrogenphosphate (V) ion

A

H2PO4^-

73
Q

What is the formula of the hydrogenphosphate ion

A

HPO4^2-

74
Q

What is the formula of the phosphate ion

A

PO4^3-

75
Q

How many covalent bonds can phosphoric acid form and why?

A

5 covalent bonds because it promotes electrons to the 3d sub shell

76
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of the sulfuric (IV) acid?

A

Pyramidal and 107.5

77
Q

What is the formula of sulfuric (IV) acid?

A

H2SO3

78
Q

What is the formula of the hydrogensulfate (IV) ion?

A

HSO3^-

79
Q

What is the formula of the sulfate (IV) ion?

A

SO3^2-

80
Q

What is the shape and bond angle of sulfuric (VI) acid

A

Tetrahedral - 109.5

81
Q

What is the formula for sulfuric (VI) acid?

A

H2SO4

82
Q

What is the formula of the hydrogensulfate (VI) ion?

A

HSO4-

83
Q

What is the formula of the sulfate (VI) ion?

A

SO4^2-

A2 Chemistry (17 decks)

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