Chapter 3 - Particle Model Of Matter Flashcards
Describe the arrangement and energy of the particles in a solid
Strong forces of attraction hold the particles close together In a fixed, regular arrangement
The particles don’t have much energy so they can only vibrate about their fixed position
Describe the arrangement and energy of the particles in a liquid
There are weaker forces of attraction between the particles
The particles are close together, but can only move past each other, and form irregular arrangements
They have more energy than the particles in a solid-they move in random directions at low speeds
Describe the arrangement and energy of the particles in gases
There are almost no forces of attraction between the particles
The particles have more energy then liquids and solids
They’re free to move, and are constantly moving with random directions and speeds
What happens when particles and gases collide
As they bang into each other and whatever else happens to get in the way e.g. like the side of the container, they exert a force on it. Pressure is the force exerted per-unit area
Set in a sealed container, the outward gas pressure is the total force exerted by all the particles in a gas on the unit area of the container walls
What happens when you increase the temperature of a gas
Increasing the temperature of the gas increases its pressure
You transfer energy into the kinetic energy stores of the particles. The temperature of the gases related to the average energy in the kinetic energy stores of the particles in the gas.
So as to increase the temperature of the gas the average speed of its particles increases. This means that for gas and a constant volume, increasing its temperature increases its pressure. Each particle also has a large momentum which means that they exert a larger force when they collide with the container
What is density
Density is a measure of the compactness of a substance. It relates the mass of a substance to how much space it takes up
What is internal energy
Internal energy is the energy stored by the particles that make up a system
How is the energy stored in a system
There registered in the system installed by its particles. The internal energy of the system is the total energy that its particles having their kinetic and potential energy stores
How do you transfer energy to the systems particles
By heating them
How do you turn a solid into a gas
By sublimating it
What is the energy used for when a substance is melting or boiling
It is used to break intermolecular bonds Rather then raising the temperature
What happens to the bonds when a substance is condensing or freezing
Bones of forming between particles which releases energy this means that internal energy decreases but the temperature doesn’t go down Until all the substance has turned to liquid or solid
What is latent heat
The energy needed to change the state of a substance
What is specific latent heat
Specific latent heat is the energy needed to change the state of 1 kg mass
