digestive system Flashcards

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1
Q

gastrointestinal tract

A

organ system within humans and other animals which takes in food, digests it to extract and absorb energy and nutrients, and expels the remaining waste as feces

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2
Q

oral cavity

A

part of the mouth behind the gums and teeth that is bounded above by the hard and soft palates and below by the tongue and by the mucous membrane connecting it with the inner part of the mandible

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3
Q

hard palate

A

he bony front part of the palate

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4
Q

soft palate

A

flexible part toward the back of the roof of the mouth

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5
Q

uvula

A

fleshy extension at the back of the soft palate that hangs above the throat

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6
Q

lingual frenulum

A

small fold of mucous membrane extending from the floor of the mouth to the midline of the underside of the tongue

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7
Q

pharynx

A

membrane-lined cavity behind the nose and mouth, connecting them to the esophagus

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8
Q

esophagus

A

part of the alimentary canal that connects the throat to the stomach; the gullet

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9
Q

mucosa

A

a mucous membrane

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10
Q

submucosa

A

layer of areolar connective tissue lying beneath a mucous membrane

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11
Q

muscularis externa

A

a region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa

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12
Q

serosa

A

tissue of a serous membrane tissue of a serous membrane

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13
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

part of the peritoneum that lines the abdominal viscera

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14
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

is that portion that lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities

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15
Q

mesentery

A

fold of the peritoneum that attaches the stomach, small intestine, pancreas, spleen, and other organs to the posterior wall of the abdomen

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16
Q

stomach

A

internal organ in which the major part of the digestion of food occur

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17
Q

cardioesophageal sphincter

A

surrounds the lower part of the esophagus at the junction between the esophagus and the stomach

18
Q

pyloric sphincter

A

a band of smooth muscle at the junction between the pylorus of the stomach and the duodenum of the small intestine

19
Q

rugae

A

a term used in anatomy that refers to a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ

20
Q

greater curvature

A

boundary of the stomach that forms a long usually convex curve on the left from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum

21
Q

lesser curvature

A

boundary of the stomach that in humans forms a relatively short concave curve on the right from the opening for the esophagus to the opening into the duodenum

22
Q

greater omentum

A

a large apron-like fold of visceral peritoneum that hangs down from the stomach

23
Q

chyme

A

pulpy acidic fluid that passes from the stomach to the small intestine, consisting of gastric juices and partly digested food

24
Q

small intestine

A

the part of the intestine that runs between the stomach and the large intestine

25
Q

ileocecal valve

A

valve formed by two folds of mucous membrane at the opening of the ileum into the large intestine

26
Q

duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine immediately beyond the stomach

27
Q

jejunum

A

part of the small intestine between the duodenum and ileum

28
Q

ileum

A

third portion of the small intestine, between the jejunum and the cecum

29
Q

pancreatic ducts

A

chief duct of the pancreas that runs from left to right through the body of the gland, passes out its neck, and empties into the duodenum either through an opening shared with the common bile duct or through one close to it

30
Q

bile duct

A

duct that conveys bile from the liver and the gallbladder to the duodenum

31
Q

Large intestine

A

the cecum, colon, and rectum collectively

32
Q

cecum

A

a pouch connected to the junction of the small and large intestines

33
Q

appendix

A

tube-shaped sac attached to and opening into the lower end of the large intestine in humans and some other mammals

34
Q

colon

A

long, coiled, tubelike organ that removes water from digested food. The remaining material, solid waste called stool, moves through the colon to the rectum and leaves the body through the anus

35
Q

rectum

A

Having to do with the rectum, the last 6 to 8 inches of the large intestine that serves to store solid waste until it leaves the body through the anus

36
Q

anal canal

A

most terminal part of the lower GI tract/large intestine

37
Q

ascending colon

A

first main part of the large intestine, which passes upward from the cecum on the right side of the abdomen

38
Q

transverse colon

A

middle part of the large intestine, passing across the abdomen from right to left below the stomach

39
Q

descending colon

A

part of the large intestine that passes downward on the left side of the abdomen toward the rectum

40
Q

sigmoid colon

A

S-shaped last part of the large intestine, leading into the rectum

41
Q

liver

A

large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates, involved in many metabolic processes

42
Q

gall bladder

A

small sac-shaped organ beneath the liver, in which bile is stored after secretion by the liver and before release into the intestine