Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Physics > Waves > Flashcards

Waves Flashcards

1
Q

What do waves do?

A

Transfer energy in the direction they are travelling

When waves travel through a medium the particles of the medium oscillate and transfer energy between each other but the particles stay in the same place. Only energy is transfered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Waves have 3 things. What are they?

A

Amplitude- maximum displacement of a point on a wave from its undisturbed position

Wavelength- distance between the same point on two adjacent waves

Frequency- number of waves passing a certain point per second

(See annotated diagram on page 105 of revision guide for more)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the formula for frequency of a wave?

A

Period (T) = 1/ frequency (f)

Frequency measured in hertz Hz

Period measured in seconds s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kinds of vibrations do transverse waves have?

A

Transverse waves have perpendicular vibrations to the direction of energy transfer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What waves are transverse?

A

All waves on the electromagnetic spectrum

Ripples and waves in water

A wave on a string

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What kind of vibrations do longitudinal waves have?

A

Oscillations are parallel to the direction of energy transferred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are examples of longitudinal waves?

A

Sound waves in air, ultra sound

Shockwaves eg some seismic waves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the wave speed equation?

A

Wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m)

v=f x (that landa sign thingy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is wave speed?

A

The speed at which energy is being transferred.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How to use an oscilloscope to measure the speed of sound and speed of water ripples?

A

See page 107 of revision guide

Don’t think we have covered this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How to find wave speed of wave on a spring?

A

Set up signal generator, vibration transducer, string, pulley and mass (as shown on of 108 of revision guide).

Turn on signal generator and vibration transducer. The string will start to vibrate

You can adjust frequency to change wave length . Adjust until there’s a clear wave (happens when whole number of half waves fit on a string), depends on length of string and masses

Measure wavelength using ruler

Frequency of wave is whatever signal generator is set too

Use wave length equation to find wave speed

(For more clarity see 108 in revision guide)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is refraction?

A

When light waves are bent when they enter a new media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

When wave arrives at a boundary between 2 different materials, what are the 3 things that can happen?

A

Wave is ABSORBED by second material- transfers energy to materials energy store. This often leads to heating. Can be used in microwaves

Wave is TRANSMITTED through the second material- waves carry on travelling through the new material. This often leads the refraction. Used in glasses lenses and cameras and communication

Wave is REFLECTED- it’s sent back away from second material

Which of these happens depends on wavelength and properties of materials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Explain refraction

A

When a wave crosses a boundary between 2 materials it changes speed

If a wave is travelling along the normal it will change speed but not refracted, If hit at an angle is changes direction and is refracted

Waves bends towards normal if it slows down and away from it if it speeds up- how much it’s refracted depends on change in speed which depends on density of material, higher density slower wave

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When a wave is refracted what changes and what stays the same?

A

Wave length changes but frequency stays the same

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is optical density?

A

A measure of how quickly light can travel through it, higher optical density, slower light travels through it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you construct a ray diagram to show refraction?

A

Draw boundary between two materials
Draw normal line perpendicular to boundary
Draw incident ray that meets normal at the boundary. Angle between ray and normal is angle of incidence
Draw refracted ray in other side. Angles between refracted ray and normal is small than angle of incidence unless second material is less optically dense.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What type of waves are those on the electromagnetic spectrum?

A

Transverse waves that’s transfer energy from a source to an absorber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What speed do different EM waves travel at?

A

All Em waves travel at the same speed through air or a vacuum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Finish the blanks. Electromagnetic waves form a _________ over a range of ___________. They are grouped into 7 basic types based on their ______ and _________

A

Continuous spectrum
Frequencies
Wave length
Frequency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 7 wave types on the EM spectrum?

A 
Radio waves 
Micro waves 
Infra red radiation
Visible light
Ultra violet 
X rays
Gamma rays
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What part of the EM spectrum can our eyes detect?

A

Visible light

23
Q

Why is their such a large range of frequencies in the EM spectrum?

A

Because EM waves are generated by a variety of changes in atoms and their nuclei.

This also explains why atoms can absorb a range of frequencies- each one causes a different change

24
Q

Why are EM waves used for different purposes?

A

They have different properties

25
Q

How are radio waves made?

A

By oscillating charges

EM waves are made up of electric and magnetic fields AC made up of oscillating charges, as charges oscillate they produce oscillating electric and magnetic fields

Frequency of waves produced is equal to frequency of alternating current.

26
Q

How can you produce radio waves?

A

Using alternating current in an electrical circuit

27
Q

What is a transmitter?

A

An object in which charges oscillate to create radio waves.

28
Q

What happens when transmitted radio waves reach a receiver?

A

Radio waves are absorbed . The energy transferred by the wave sis transferred to the electrons in the material of the receiver. This energy causes electrons to oscillate and if the receiver is part of compete electrical circuit it generates alternating current. This current has the same frequency as the radio waves that generated it.

29
Q

What are radio waves?

A

EM radiation with wavelengths longer than about 10cm

30
Q

What are the uses of radio waves?

A

Long wave radio waves (wavelength 1-10km) used for radio signals as can diffract around hills etc

Short wave radio signals (10-100m) used for Bluetooth, tv and fm radio

31
Q

What the uses of microwaves?

A

Satellites use them

Microwaves use them

Satellite tv- signs from transmitter transmitted into space where it’s picked up by satellite receiver dish transmitting signal back to earth in different directions where it’s received by a satellite dish in the ground

32
Q

Uses of infrared radiation?

A

Used to monitor temperature or increase it (absorbing IR causes objects to get hotter)

33
Q

Uses of ultraviolet radiation?

A

Security pens- allows you to read invisible ink

Sun beds

34
Q

Uses of visible light

A

Fibre optic cables use it to transmit data

These work via reflection, light rays are bounced back and fourth until they reach the end in the fibre

35
Q

Uses of X-rays

A

X rays

36
Q

Uses of gamma rays

A

Used to treat cancer

37
Q

Which EM radiation can be harmful to people?

A

High frequency waves like UV rays , X rays and gamma rays transfer lots of energy so can cause lots of damage.

38
Q

What is radiation dose?

A

The Measure of the risk of harm form the body being exposed to radiation.

Risk depends on how much is absorbed and how harmful that radiation is.

It is measure in sieverts but a sievert is very big so often see doses in millisieverts where 1000mSv = 1 Sv

Risk can also vary dependent in different parts of the body

39
Q

What does every object absorb and emit

A

Infrared radiation

Hotter object= more infrared radiation emitted over time. If obejects is hotter than surrounding it emits more than absorbs and cools down

Black matte surface is best at absorbing and emitting radiation

40
Q

What do magnets produce?

A

Magnetic fields

41
Q

Why are the two poles of a magnet?

A

North and south

42
Q

How can you show and magnetic field?

A

By drawing field lines

Closer together like the stronger the magnetic field is

Means magnetic forces are strongest at poles

43
Q

What’s is force between magnet and magnetic material?

A

It is always attractive no matter the poles

44
Q

What happens if toe poles if a magnet are put near each other.

A

Opposites attract

Is they are the same they repel

45
Q

How does a compass work?

A

Inside compass is tiny bar magnet (needle)

North Pole of magnet is attracted to south pole of any other magnet it is near, do compass needle points in direction of magnetic field it is in . When not near a magnet compass needles point north as earth has its own magnetic field, showing earths core is magnetic

46
Q

What are the two types of magnet?

A

Permanent- produce their own magnetic field

Induced- magnetic materials that are turned into magnet when put into a magnetic field, take ways magnetic field and lose most of magnetism

Force between permanent and induced magnet is always attractive

47
Q

What creates a magnetic field?

A

A moving charge -

When a current flows through a wire a magnetic field is created around the wire. Changing direction of current changes direction of magnetic field , strength of magnetic field changes with current and distance from wire, larger current and closer to wire means stronger field

48
Q

What’s an electromagnet?

A

A magnet that can me switched on and off

49
Q

How do you increase strength of a magnetic field?

A

Wrapping the wire in a coil called a solenoid

Happens as field lines around each wire line up very close to each other, meaning stronger field

Magnetic field inside solenoid is strong and uniform, outside coil is just the same as the one around a bar magnet

Can increase field strength even more by putting iron in centre, becomes induced magnet when current is flowing

50
Q

What does a current in a magnetic field experience?

A

A force

51
Q

What is the motor effect?

A

When current carrying wire is put between magnetic poles magnetic field around the wire interacts with the magnetic field it has been placed in. Causes magnet and conductor to exert a force on each other , this can cause the wire to move

To experience full force wire has to be 90 degrees to magnetic field. If wire runs parallel to magnetic field it won’t experience any force at all, at angles between if will experience some

52
Q

What does the force acting on the conductor in a magnetic field depend on?

A

Magnetic flux density- how many field lines in a region

Size of current through a conductor

Length of conductor that in the magnetic field

53
Q

How can you find force acting on is if current is at 90 degrees to magnetic field it is in?

A

Force = current x length x magnetic flux density

Physics (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions