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Pathophysiology > Final Exam > Flashcards

Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Moderate stage of Alzheimer’s has what behavior?

A

Confusion

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2
Q

Husband of a patient with Alzheimer’s. What should he expect out of the medication?

A

Slow down mental loss

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3
Q

Smooth muscle relaxation hormone for penile erection?

A

Nitric Oxide

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4
Q

Priapism (perma hard on) that causes ischemia results from what?

A

Failure to detumescence (tension, swelling, arousal)

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5
Q

Common risk factor for erectile dysfunction due to penile arterial insufficiency

A

Smoking

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6
Q

Testicular torsion causes ________.

A

loss of perfusion

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7
Q

Men over 50 prostatic hypertrophy what major complication?

A

Urinary retention

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8
Q

Hydrocele is excess fluid in what layer?

A

Tunica vaginalis

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9
Q

30 year old man has mumps orchitis (inflammation of testes) what will this result in?

A

Sterility

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10
Q

Undescended testes can cause what?

A

Infertility

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11
Q

Major physiological process of testosterone.

A

Skeletal muscle growth

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12
Q

BPH important factor in evaluation and treatment.

A

Subjective symptoms reported by patient

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13
Q

Patient has anterior pituitary tumor as results stops making FSH. Possible consequences in function.

A

Dysfunctional spermatogenesis

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14
Q

Which disorder of male genitourinary system requires urgent and aggressive treatment?

A

Testicular torsion

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15
Q

A 22 year old college male, has testicular cancer. What is something he can say that he understands in his condition?

A

I can’t shake the feeling that it might be a death sentence

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16
Q

Prostatic cancer screening for it

A

BPH can confound prostate screening results.

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17
Q

Which one is most likely to require surgery?

A

Hypospadias

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18
Q

Virus contributing to cervical cancer

A

HPV

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19
Q

Complication of endometriosis.

A

Pelvic adhesions

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20
Q

Symptoms of this condition include urgency, frequency of urination.

A

Cystocele (prolapsed bladder)

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21
Q

What is vulvo dynia?

A

unexplained vulvar pain

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22
Q

Which of the following increased risk for breast cancer?

A

late menopause

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23
Q

Polycystic ovarian syndrome from what hormone?

A

Elevated LH

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24
Q

High risk indicator for ovarian cancer?

A

Nulliparity

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25
Q

Leiomyomas are small muscle fibroid tumors located in the ______..

A

fundus and corpus of the uterus

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26
Q

Primary process that estrogens do.

A

Ovarian follicle growth

27
Q

Normal physiological process with menopause.

A

Estrogen decreases and cessation of ovarian function

28
Q

21 year old college female, vaginal itching and redness. What clinical assessment question applied.

A

Have you ever had a STD?

29
Q

I am a 29 year old patient with a papsmear. What do we look for to see if its abnormal?

A

Dysplastic cell

30
Q

Four different female disorders. Which most likely disrupts normal function

A

Polycystic ovaries

31
Q

Which statement shows the patient knows what is going on. I have a middle aged woman, what complaints help rule out ovarian cancer?

A

Indigestion and boating

32
Q

I have a 59 year old breast cancer on hormone therapy. What is the purpose of hormone therapy?

A

Block receptors of malignant cells.

33
Q

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease most commonly caused by

A

STD (STI)

34
Q

T/F Alzheimer’s Disease diagnosed by excluding all other diseases.

A

True

35
Q

T/F Erectile dysfunction is part of metabolic syndrome.

A

True

36
Q

T/F Vegetarian diet can protect against prostate cancer.

A

True

37
Q

T/F African American men should start prostate cancer screening before Caucasian men.

A

True

38
Q

Penile disorder with fibrinous lesions on penis shaft

A

Peyronie Disease

39
Q

Which is the congenital defect?

A

hypospadias

40
Q

T/F BRACA 1&2 predispose women to breast cancer and ovarian Cancer.

A

True

41
Q

T/F Pelvic inflammatory disease causes infertility

A

True

42
Q

T/F Prostate cancers can be aggressive and fatal to men in the prime of their life.

A

True

43
Q

Disease where uterus inner lining displaced to outside

A

endometriosis

44
Q

(fill in blank) Two antioxidants that protect against Alzheimer’s:

A

B12 and vitamin d

45
Q

There is no cure for Alzheimer’s. a.________ inhibitors are shown to effectively promote availability of b.____________ neurotransmitter:

A

a. ) cholinesterase

b. ) acetylcholine

46
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease caused by formation of

A

amyloid plaque

47
Q

Alzheimer’s Disease decreases release of:

A

acetylcholine

48
Q

CJD caused by:

A

prion

49
Q

Parkinson’s Disease is caused by a decreased release of:

A

dopamine

50
Q

Traumatic Brain Injury caused by:

A

blunt force trauma

51
Q

Old man has weakness, depression, and anemia, secondary to decreasing _____.

A

testosterone

52
Q

Define hematoma

A

broken blood vessels in the brain region

53
Q

Two types of hematoma and describe them

A
  1. Epidural Hematoma- blood pooling in between the dura and arachnoid mater; not directly on the brain
  2. Subdural Hematoma- blood pooling between the arachnoid and pia mater; more directly on the brain
54
Q

Name 4 types of seizures

A

a. Petit mal
b. Atonic
c. Myoclonic
d. Tonic-clonic (grand mal)

55
Q

disturbances in consciousnes

A

Petit mal

56
Q

loss of muscle tone

A

Atonic

57
Q

muscles contract

A

Myoclonic

58
Q

muscle contraction and loss of consciousness

A

Tonic-clonic (grand mal)

59
Q

3 types of strokes

A

a. Ischemic
b. Hemorrhagic
c. Transient ischemic attacks

60
Q

Similarities between each strokes

A

Droopy face, slurring words, headaches, N/V

61
Q

Differences between each strokes

A

ischemic (blockage), hemorrhagic (rupture), transient (about to become either of the other ones, we don’t know)

62
Q

Name the 4 types of headaches

A

a. tension
b. migraine
c. cluster
d. Temporomandibular joint pain

63
Q

A. muscle stress, eye strain, tight bands around top of head
B. trigger based, not localized, frequent complaints of light sensitivity, brain problem, commonly associated with N/V
C. based on a specific location, specific to the cause of pain
D. caused from overuse, anatomical abnormalities, tension caused by tightness in the jaw, more on the sides of the jaw

A

A. Tension
B. Migraine
C. Cluster
D. TMJ pain

64
Q
  1. Personal hygiene is neglected:
  2. Urinary and fecal incontinence:
  3. Gets lost in familiar surroundings:
  4. Wandering in late afternoon:
  5. Forgets where everyday items are placed:
  6. Failure to recognize family:
  7. Short-term memory loss:
  8. Hostile of abusive behavior:
A
  1. second
  2. third
  3. second
  4. second
  5. first
  6. third
  7. first
  8. third

Pathophysiology (2 decks)

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