Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Organic Chemistry > Chapter 19 > Flashcards

Chapter 19 Flashcards

1
Q

electrophilic aromatic substitution

A

aromatic proton is replaced by electrophile

adding iron to reaction, causing the addition of halide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Halogenation

A

feBr3 reacts with Br2 to form complex that acts as Br+

aromatic ring is nucleophile and attacks electrophile to prodice sigma complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Halogentation - product

A

produces aromatic ring with addition of a halide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Halogenation - reagants

A 
FeBr3
Br2 
or 
ALBr3
Br2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Sulfonation - reagants

A

fuming H2sO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sulfonation - products

A

aromatic ring + SO3H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

sulfonation - concentrated fuming H2SO4

A

creates aromatic ring + SO3H

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Sulfonation - dilute H2SO4

A

goes from aromatic ring + SO3H to benzene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Nitration - reagants

A

HNO3

H2SO4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Nitration - products

A

produces aromatic ring with NO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

To produce amino

A

once NO2 is added to ring, can be reacted to form NH2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

To produce amino - reagants

A

Fe or Zn

HCl

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Friedel craft akylation - reagants

A

halogenated akyl halide

AlCl3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Friedel craft akylation - carbocation structure

A

cant use primary, they will undergo rearrangement to form secondary or tertiary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Friedel craft akylation - products

A

addition of carbon chain on benzene

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Friedel craft akylation - efficiency

A

can use substrates that undergo rearrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Friedel craft akylation - alkyl halide used

A

carbon connected to the halogen must be sp3

vinyl and aryl carbocations arent stable to form under friedels craft

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Friedel craft akylation - installation of alkyl

A

activates ring to further alkylation

polyalkyations usually occurs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Friedel craft akylation - uncompatable groups

A

certain groups like nitros are incompatable

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Friedel craft acylation - product

A

benzene with R group
R-C=O(Cl) group
aryl ketone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Friedel craft acylation - reagants

A

R-C=O(Cl) group

AlCl3

22
Q

acylium ion

A

formed from removal of leaving group of R group

resonance stable and doesnt undergo rearrangement

23
Q

Clemmensen reduction - product

A

reduces ketone to carbon chain

24
Q

Clemmensen reduction - reagants

A

Zn(Hg)
HCl
Heat

25
Q

Methyl group - activating

A

activates ring

26
Q

Activating groups - position of the added

A

ortho para, usually para to stop steric hindarance

27
Q

Deactivating groups - position of added

A

meta

28
Q

Activating groups

A

donates electron density to the ring
usually have electronegative negative atom
makes ring positive

29
Q

Deactivating groups

A

withdraws electron density from ring
usually electronegative positive atoms
makes ring negative

30
Q

Halogens - the exception

A

are ortho para even though they are deactivators

31
Q

Strong activators

A

presence of lone pair adjacent from ring
with electronegative atoms
lone pair delocalises into the ring

32
Q

Moderate Activators

A

have lone pair delocalised outside ring

lone pair next to ring, nut lone part participates in resonance outside ring

33
Q

Weak activators

A

donate electron density by weak effect of hyperconjugation

akyl groups

34
Q

Weak Deactivators

A

halogens

35
Q

Moderate deactivators

A

pi bond to electronegative atom
carboxylic acids
aldehydes

36
Q

Strong deactivators

A

NO2
N-R3+
C-X3

37
Q

Directing effect

A

each substituents have to be placed specifically

38
Q

Directing effect - competition

A

more powerful activating group dominates

39
Q

Blocking Groups

A

installed in order to block the position needed

40
Q

Blocking group - properties

A

must be easily removable

sulfonation is generally used as its reversible

41
Q

Nitration - limitation

A

cant be performed on ring with amino group

42
Q

Friedels craft reaction - limitation

A

can be accomplished on rings with moderate or strong deactivators
must be activated or weak deactivator

43
Q

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution

A

aromatic compound is treated with strong nucleophile which displaces leaving group

44
Q

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution - reagants

A

NaOH 70 degrees

H30+

45
Q

Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution - criteria

A

ring must have powerful deactivator
must have leaving group
leaving group must be ortho or para to deactivator

46
Q

Elimination - Addition - products

A

produces benzene ring with new

compound

47
Q

Elimination addition - reagants

A

NaOH
H3O+
Heat

48
Q

Elimination addition - reagants - low temps

A 
NaNH2 NH3(l)
H3O+
49
Q

Bromination

A

adds bromine

50
Q

Bromination reagents

A

NBS

CCl4

Organic Chemistry (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions