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Small Animal Reproduction > Diseases Associated With The Reproductive System > Flashcards

Diseases Associated With The Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

What diseases occur in the metoestrus period.

A

Pyometra

Pseudopregnancy

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2
Q

What can progesterone assays tell you?

A
  • when to mate the bitch
  • confirm ovulation has taken place
  • expected whelping date
  • primary uterine inertia
  • show if misalliance, abortion or pyrometra treatment has worked
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3
Q

How long does the tie usually last after mating?

A

15 to 45 minutes

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4
Q

What should a bitch be vaccinated against before she is mated?

A

Canine Herpes Virus

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5
Q

What is the average length of canine gestation?

A

63 days

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6
Q

How can you prepare the bitch for whelping?

A

Whelping box
Temperature 30-33c on the 1st day, 26-20c for next 3-4 days
Newspaper and bedding
Work the bitch with panacur day 42 to whelping
Work puppies with panacur at 2 and 5 weeks
Increase diet from day 40 of gestation

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7
Q

What is the best method of pregnancy diagnosis?

A

Ultrasound scanning the bitch from day 28 and again in 7 weeks

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8
Q

What are the signs of stage 1 labour and how long should it take?

A 
Stage 1: 6-12 hours
Nurse inanimate objects 
Vomit
Watching flank and uneasy
Temperature drops
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9
Q

What are the signs of stage 2 labour, and how long should this last?

A

3-12 hours
Water bag bursts - allantochorionic membrane
Abdominal straining
First foetus delivered within 4h of onset

Bitch will sever membranes herself
Cut umbilicus with 1cm to spare

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10
Q

What are the signs of 3rd stage labour? When should this occur?

A

Expulsion of the placenta - every 5-15 mins after a puppy

Green discharge is normal after whelping, this may remain for 3 weeks

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11
Q

What indicates veterinary examination during labour?

A

Strong frequent straining without the production of a puppy for 50 mins - ask breeder to check for pup in vagina
Green/red discharge but no puppy born within 2-3hours
Weak irregular draining for more than 2 hours

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12
Q

What signs after labour indicate that veterinary examination is required?

A 
All placentas have not been passed within 4-6 hours
Putrid discharge 
Continual or heavy vaginal bleeding 
Bitch is pyrexia or dull 
Puppies are dull or won't suckle
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13
Q

What are indications for a caesarean?

A 
Primary uterine inertia - too small litter / thin myometrium 
Secondary uterine inertia - obstruction 
Unrelieved obstructive dystocia
Foetal death with putrification 
Toxaemia 
Elective 
Prolonged gestation over 70 days
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14
Q

What premedication should you used for a Caesarean section?

A

Just methadone, induce with propofol

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15
Q

What should give after a caesarean to aid uterine involution and foetal membrane expulsion?

A

Oxytocin

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16
Q

What should you send a dog that has had a caesarean home with?

A

Synulox tablets and carprofen

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17
Q

How should the uterus be closed following a caesarean?

A

Cushing or Lembert pattern

- continuous inverting pattern

18
Q

What aftercare should you provide following a caesarean?

A

Keep the pups away from the bitch
Keeps pups warm and feed them
Manage pain and anxiety to ensure lactation
- carprofen
- ACP
Metoclopramide - prolactin agonist = milk let down

19
Q

What infectious agents can cause abortion in the bitch?

A

Brucella canis
Canine distemper virus
Toxoplasma gondii
Canine herpes virus

20
Q

What disease presentations does canine herpes virus show?

A

Resorption
Abortion
Stillbirths
Fading puppy syndrome - V+ D+, fail to suck, abdominal pain

21
Q

When should you vaccinate a bitch against CHV?

A

At heat and again two weeks before whelping

22
Q

How should you treat a bitch is she is systemically unwell following abortion?

A

Oxytocin
IVFT
Antibiotics

23
Q

What should you treat a weak bitch with pregnancy hypoglycaemia with?

A

IV calcium and glucose

24
Q

How long after parturition can uterine haemorrhage occur?

A

Even until the next season

25
Q

List the periparturient problems seen in dogs.

A

Haemorrhage - only a concern is becomes anaemic
RFM - uncommon - tx: antibiotics, oxytocin, ex lap
Metritis - IVFT, antibiotics, oxytocin, PGF2a, spay
Sub involution of placenta - <1yo, bloody discharge more than 6w
Uterine rupture - ex lap and spay
Uterine prolapse - spay
Toxic milk syndrome - hand rear pups
Hypocalcaemia = common in small breeds

26
Q

How does hypocalcaemia present in the bitch?

A

Small breeds, within 21 days of parturition

Panting, restless, tremors, seizures

27
Q

How should you treat hypocalcaemia in the bitch?

A

Remove puppies for 24 hours
IV calcium borogluconate 10%
10% dextrose IV
Oral calcium during lactation = 100mg/kg/day

28
Q

List the disorders of the mammary glands in bitches.

A

Agalactica - nervous - ACP, oxytocin
Galactostasis - massage glands, warm compress, frusemide
Acute mastitis - broad spectrum antibiotics, warm water compress, surgical debridement if gangrenous

29
Q

What is carbegoline?

A

Dopamine agonist - inhibits the secretion of prolactin

30
Q

What is aglepristone?

A

Progesterone receptor blocker

Indicates for misalliance

31
Q

How does acromegaly present? And how can it be treated?

A

Oversee region of growth hormone (may be due to progesterone simulation)

CS: PU/PD associated with secondary diabetes mellitus
Abdominal distension
Overgrowth of connective tissue and skin
Widened inter dental spaces

Tx: spay

32
Q

How can you detect an ovarian remnant in a bitch displaying no signs of oestrus?

A

Baseline oestrogen assay
GnRH agonist
Measure oestrogen after 3 hours

33
Q

How do you detect an ovarian remnant on a bitch showing signs of oestrus?

A

Take a baseline progesterone sample
Give churolon
Measure progesterone 2 weeks later

34
Q

What is the presentation of juvenile vaginitis? And how can it be treated?

A

Common - 8 weeks onwards, brachycephalics

CS: mucoid vaginal discharge, attractive to males, licking

Tx: spontaneously regresses after first season, oestrogen creams

35
Q

What is how does vaginal hyperplasia prevent and how can it be treated?

A

Brachycephalics
Exaggerated in oestrus - vagina protrudes through vestibule
Tx: keep clean, resolves after oestrus but recurs with seasons
Spay

36
Q

What is the pathogenesis of pyometra?

A

Progesterone induced cystic endometrial hyperplasia occurs
Mucometra occurs in the next season
The season following this e.coli infection occurs = pyometra

37
Q

What are the clinical signs of a pyometra?

A

PU/PD
V+
Lethargy

38
Q

How can you treat misalliance?

A

2 doses of aglepristone (alyzin) 24 hours apart

39
Q

How can you induce abortion in a bitch?

A

Carbegoline for 10 days
Or prostaglandin cloprostenol for 10 days
Start at 28d and puppies will be resorbed

40
Q

What are the clinical signs of a pseudopregnancy?

A

Anorexia, nest making, nursing inanimate objects, enlargement of the mammary glands, aggression

41
Q

How can you treat a pseudopregnancy?

A

Do nothing

Carbegoline

Small Animal Reproduction (3 decks)

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