Criminal: Topic Five Flashcards
What is topic five?
Prevention of crime
What is the key research?
Wilson and Kelling
What did Wilson and Kelling look into?
The police and neighbourhood safety: broken windows
What did Newman look into?
Defensible space
What did Newman investigate?
How the physical design of housing can be used to reduce crime
What are the names of the 2 communities in NY that Newman compared?
Van Dyke and Brownsville
Describe the features of Van Dyke
Higher crime rates
High rise buildings
Describe the features of Brownsville
Lower crime rates
Low rise buildings with communal areas
Give the reasons why Brownsville had lower crime?
Because courtyards had greater surveillance and residents took more care of them, also, more children played outside with their parents watching which gave a bigger sense of community
What are the 4 factors in creating defensible space?
Zone of territorial influence, opportunity for surveillance, image and milieu
What did Bratton look create?
The zero tolerance policy in NY
How did Bratton try to reduce disorder in NY?
By sending 8-10 officers into the subway to arrest 10-20 faredodgers to show that ‘easy’ crimes were a new focus for the police
What did Bratton also do to help reduce crime in NY?
He took on 7000 extra officers who conducted sweeps and arrested people for minor offences
How much did crime fall by during the time of the 0 tolerance policy?
22%
What other factors may have contributed to the reduction in crime in NY? (Bratton)
The removal of lead in petrol and paint and other policies developed to reduce crime in the USA
