Chapter 13 Nuclear Reactions

Question 1

Involves changes in the nucleus of the atom

Answer 1

Nuclear Reactions

Question 2

Spontaneous emission or energy from an unstable nucleus

Discovered by Becquerel

Answer 2

Natural Radioactivity

Question 3

Binds protons and neutrons

Short ranged

Answer 3

Strong Nuclear Force

Question 4

Maximum stability for nucleon number = 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, or 126

Answer 4

Nuclear Shell Mode

Question 5

Atomic number > 83

Answer 5

Unstable

Question 6

Expulsion of helium nucleus

Least penetrating: stopped by paper

Answer 6

Alpha emission

Question 7

Expulsion of an electron

More penetrating: 1cm of aluminum

Answer 7

Beta emission

Question 8

Emission of a high-energy photon

Most penetrating: 5cm of lead

Answer 8

Gamma Decay

Question 9

Time required for 1/2 of a radioactive sample to decay

U-238 decay series

Answer 9

Half-Life

Question 10

Detect ions produces by radiation

Answer 10

Ionization counters

Question 11

Rely on flashes of light

Zinc Sulfide

Answer 11

Scintillation counters

Question 12

DNA disruption

Free radical production

Answer 12

Consequences of radiation exposure

Question 13

Difference of between masses of reactants and products

Answer 13

Mass Defect

Question 14

Energy required to break a nucleus into individual protons and neutrons

Answer 14

Binding energy

Question 15

Heavy nuclei splitting into light ones

Sufficient mass and concentration to produce a chain reaction

Answer 15

Nuclear Fission

Question 16

Rely on controlled fission chain reactions

Contains fuel rods

Answer 16

Nuclear power plants

Question 17

Less massive nuclei
Energy source for sun and other stars
Need high temperature, high density, sufficient confinement time

Answer 17

Nuclear Fusion

Question 18

Incredibly hot, dense, primordial plasma cools

Continued cooling leads to hydrogen atoms

Answer 18

Big Bang Theory

Question 19

Massive stars explode in Supernovae

Answer 19

Stellar evolution