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Physical Geography - Hazards > 3.1.5.6 Fires In Nature > Flashcards

3.1.5.6 Fires In Nature Flashcards

1
Q

When was the Alberta wildfire?

A

1st May-5th July 2016

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2
Q

Where was the Alberta wildfire?

A

Canada

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3
Q

Social impacts of the Alberta wildfire

A

2,400 homes and business destroyed
90,000 residents evacuated
Power supplies disrupted

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4
Q

Economic impacts of the Alberta wildfire

A

$9 billion damage to Fort Mcmurray
GDP of Alberta dropped to a negative value
Global price of oil affected
Costliest natural disaster in human history

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5
Q

Environmental impacts of the Alberta wildfire

A

600,000 hectares of land burnt
Millions of tonnes of CO2 released into the atmosphere
500 species lost their habitat

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6
Q

Short term human responses in Alberta

A

Govt. declares a state of emergency and implement emergency operations
News coverage and social media used for updates
Shelters and food were offered to evacuess to meet their basic needs
Alberta Health services provided mental health support

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7
Q

Long term responses for the Alberta wildfires

A

The government of Alberta set up an air and water quality monitoring programme
Long term temporary shelters
Public trnasport links repaired and put to use to encourage people to move about and stimulate economic development
Three governmental disaster programmes designed : FireSmart, Flood mitigation, disaster preparedness
“FirstAid” benefit concert held at the end of June to raise money for those affected

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8
Q

How long did the Alberta wildfire last for?

A

Two months

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9
Q

How many residents had to evacuate and for how long?

Alberta

A

90,000

For almost a year

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10
Q

Which cit suffered $9billion of damage as a result of the wildfire?

A

Fort McMurray

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11
Q

How many hectares of forest were destroyed as a result of the Alberta wildfire

A

Thousands

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12
Q

How much did the fire cost the oil sands industry?

A

$1 billion (canadian dollars)

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13
Q

How many hectares of land were burned?

A

600,000

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14
Q

How did the wildfire of Alberta affect the water and carbon cycles?

A

Millions of tonnes of CO2 addded to the atmosphere

Mercury, lead and ash contaminated water supplies

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15
Q

Identify a positive feedback loop created by the wildfires

A

The fire triggerred lightning storms, which ignited more fires

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16
Q

What was done to help protect longer term health of residents in canada

A

An air and water quality programme was set up by the government

17
Q

What was the cost of mental health and stress support for the year? Alberta

A

$18million

18
Q

How many people were killed by the wildfire?

A

None

19
Q

How many homes were destroyed in the Alberta wildfires

A

2,400

20
Q

Fort McMurray was a centre for which industry?

A

Oil sands

21
Q

Identify a global impact of the Alberta wildfire

A

Global oil prices rose as there was a shortage of supply

22
Q

What caused toxic air pollution in the Alberta wildfires

A

Burning cars, factories and buildings

23
Q

What helped stimulate economic growth and recovery in the area after the wildfire?

A

Transport links repaires
Buy local campaign inhtroduced
Money donated to the Red Cross was granted to small businesses

24
Q

What is a wildfire?

A

An uncontrolled rural fire

25
Q

Where are two locations that have been at risk recently of wildfires?

A

Oklahoma - USA - severe drought
Sydney - southern suburbs
Both april 2018

26
Q

What conditions lead to wildfires?

A

Arid ground after/during drought and a significant dry period of time
Cyclical climatic events like El Niño cause favourable conditions by affecting global temperatured and rainfall patterns
Large quantities of dry fuels

27
Q

What are some natural causes of wildfires?

A

Lightning
Heat transfer heats vegetation ahead of the flames
Wind blowing burning fragments ahead igniting new areas of forest

28
Q

What are some human causes of wildfires?

A

Discarded cigarettes
Arson
Poorly controlled campfires and disposable barbecues

29
Q

What are the three types of wildfire that can be present at the same time?

A

Ground fire
Surface fire
Crown fire

30
Q

What is ground fire?

A

Slow, smouldering ground base fire

No flame

31
Q

What is surface fire?

A

The burning of leaf litter and low lying vegetation

Can be high or low intensity

32
Q

What is crown fire?

A

Moves rapidly through the canopy/ top lauer of vegetation

Has the most dramatic effect on forested areas

33
Q

Why were no lives lost in the Alberta wildfires?

A

Large evacuation
Huge emergency response
News and social media used to regulary update residents

34
Q

Why were economic costs so great?

A

Due to huge loss of the oil industry, 51% of the population were employed there and weren’t able to work for a long period of time

Physical Geography - Hazards (10 decks)

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