Cardiovascular And Respiratory Systems

Question 1

Describe the anatomy of the respiratory system

Answer 1

Nasal cavities, throat, trachea, bronchi, lungs, bronchioles, aveoli

Question 2

Which part of the respiratory system is the site of gas exchange?

Answer 2

Aveoli

Question 3

Describe the parts of the circulatory system

Answer 3

Capillaries, arteries, veins

Question 4

What is the purpose of the diaphragm?

Answer 4

Main breathing muscle, changes pressure in lungs causing inhalation and expiration

Question 5

What are the main function of the intercostal muscles?

Answer 5

Located between ribs, used when inhaling deeply or forcefully exhaling

When contracted they lift and lower the rib cage

Joints attached to ribs and sternum and spine are cartilaginous, allowing for some movement

Question 6

Name the three types of respiration

Answer 6

External: lungs to blood, site of gas exchange between external world and blood

Internal: blood to cells, exchange of O2 and CO2 in and out of cells

Cellular: inside muscle fiber, inside mitochondria, beta oxidation and aerobic glycolysis metabolic pathways take place during cellular respiration (ATP creation)

Question 7

Which is more efficient chest breathing or diaphragmatic breathing?

Answer 7

Chest breathing uses 12 muscles to bring one cup of air into lungs versus diaphragmatic breathing which uses one muscle to bring 6 cups of air in

Question 8

What does “activating the core” mean?

Answer 8

Diaphragm, pelvic floor, intercostals, transverse abdominals, obliques, rectus abdominis, lower back

Question 9

What are the steps to core activation?

Answer 9

Step 1: actively inhale into your belly

Step 2: draw navel towards spine contract muscles of pelvic floor activating (inner unit)

Step 3: pull rib cage downward contract obliques rectus abdominis and lower back (outer unit)

Step 4: exhale while continuing to contract all core muscles (happens during concentric phase of exercise)

Question 10

What do pulmonary veins do?

Answer 10

Carry O2 rich blood to heart

Question 11

Describe the flow of oxygenated blood coming from lungs

Answer 11

O2 rich blood travels from heart through pulmonary veins into left atrium, pumped to left ventricle, left ventricle pumps blood throughout body

Question 12

Why is cardio beneficial for heart health?

Answer 12

Regular cardio strengthens ventricle walls making circulation more efficient

Question 13

Describe flow of CO2 rich blood coming from body’s cells

Answer 13

CO2 rich blood coming from cells and body enter heart via Superior or Inferior Vena Cava, flow into right atrium, pumped to right ventricle, right ventricle pumps blood back to lungs to exhale CO2 and oxygenate with O2

Question 14

What are the three types of blood vessels?

Answer 14

Arteries, veins, capillaries

Question 15

What are the characteristics of arteries?

Answer 15

Carry blood away from heart

Contain smooth muscle

Blood going to body is full of O2, blood going to lungs is full of CO2

Question 16

What are the characteristics of veins?

Answer 16

Veins return blood to Heart

Do not have smooth muscle, use one-way valves

Bring O2 rich blood from lungs to heart, Bring CO2 rich blood from body to heart

Question 17

What are capillaries?

Answer 17

Site of gas exchange in circulation system, single cell thickness walls

Question 18

What are the two types of circulation systems?

Answer 18

Pulmonary: circuit between heart and lungs

Systemic: circuit between heart and rest of body

Question 19

Describe venous pooling

Answer 19

At any one time as much as 59% of your blood can be sitting in your veins, after exercising the majority of your blood can be found in your extremities as it has been assisting your muscles with O2 delivery and CO2 removal, if you rest too soon after exercise, blood can pool in your extremities and you could pass out, become dizzy, faint

Creates low blood pressure

Using a cool down at the end of a workout prevents this issue