Bone Tissue lecture

Question 1

During fracture repair, which of the following is the second step?
Formation of a fracture hematoma 
Soft callus formation
Bone remodeling
Hard callus formation
Spongy bone is laid down

Answer 1

Soft callus formation

Question 2

During the healing of a bone fracture, a hard callus is formed by

Answer 2

osteoblasts.

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events in the healing of a bone fracture?

Answer 3

Hematoma formation → soft callus formation → hard callus formation → bone remodeling

Question 4

The medullary cavity in a long bone contains

Answer 4

yellow marrow.

Question 5

The red marrow is also known as myeloid tissue.
True
False

Answer 5

True

Question 6

The tissue found in the medullary cavity that is primarily adipose tissue is

Answer 6

yellow marrow.

Question 7

The substance filling spaces in spongy bone is

Answer 7

red marrow.

Question 8

The fibrous membrane covering bones is the

Answer 8

periosteum.

Question 9

If the __________ component of bone is not in adequate amounts, the flexibility and strength of bone will be compromised.

Answer 9

collagen

Question 10

The skeletal system helps maintain acid-base balance by __________.

Answer 10

absorbing or releasing alkaline phosphate and carbonate salts.

Question 11

Which vitamin is necessary for collagen formation?

Answer 11

Vitamin C

Question 12

Most blood cells are produced in the red marrow of bones.
True
False

Answer 12

True

Question 13

Osteoid refers to

Answer 13

collagen fibers and glycoproteins.

Question 14

Which of the following are characteristics of the osteoid.
Contains calcium carbonate
Lots of collagen fibers 
Includes glycoproteins 
Contains hydroxyapatite 
Provides flexibility 
Provides hardness

Answer 14

Lots of collagen fibers
Includes glycoproteins
Provides flexibility

Question 15

The expanded head at each end of a long bone is called the

Answer 15

epiphysis.

Question 16

What would you find in the marrow cavity of the diaphysis of an adult humerus (arm bone)?

Answer 16

Yellow marrow

Question 17

The type of bone responsible for blood cell formation and energy storage is

Answer 17

spongy bone.

Question 18

The area of bone responsible for blood cell formation is

Answer 18

spongy bone.

Question 19

If a thyroid tumor secreted an excessive amount of calcitonin, we would expect

Answer 19

an elevated level of osteoblast activity.

Question 20

Premature closure of the epiphyseal plates could be caused by

Answer 20

elevated levels of sex hormones.

Question 21

Jack develops a benign tumor of the thyroid gland which cause the level of calcitonin in his blood to be higher than normal. Which of the following would you expect to occur as a result of this condition?

Answer 21

Decrease in blood levels of calcium

Question 22

During appositional growth

Answer 22

bones grow wider.

Question 23

In endochondral ossification, the _______ connective tissue is replaced by bone.

Answer 23

hyaline cartilage

Question 24

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?
Phalanges of fingers
Tibia bone of the lower leg 
Temporal bone of skull 
Femur
Radius of lower arm

Answer 24

Temporal bone of skull

Question 25

Secondary ossification centers occur

Answer 25

in the center of the epiphyses.

Question 26

Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?
Carpal bones
Clavicle 
Femur 
Phalanges

Answer 26

Clavicle

Question 27

A radiograph (X-ray) of a child’s hand will show epiphyseal lines.
True
False

Answer 27

False

Question 28

Intramembranous ossification begins with _____ cells.

Answer 28

mesenchymal

Question 29

Cells depositing bone matrix are

Answer 29

osteoblasts.

Question 30

Bone-forming cells are called

Answer 30

osteoblasts.

Question 31

Large multinucleated cells that can dissolve the bony matrix are called

Answer 31

Osteoclasts

Question 32

Cells that remove bone matrix are

Answer 32

osteoclasts.

Question 33

The bone disease caused by defective collagen deposition that renders the bones exceptionally brittle.

Answer 33

Osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 34

Osteoporosis is most common in elderly women because of the lack of ___________, which would otherwise inhibit ____________.
estrogen; osteoclast activity
dietary calcium; estrogen production parathyroid hormone; osteocyte activity

Answer 34

estrogen; osteoclast activity