Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LOCO 2 > Cutaneous inflammation > Flashcards

Cutaneous inflammation Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cardinal signs of acute inflammation

A

Heat
Redness
Swelling
Pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why is redness and heat seen in inflammation?

A

Increased blood flow and vessel dilation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is swelling seen in inflammation

A

Accumulation of fluid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Why is pain seen in inflammation

A

Pressure on nerve endings leads to loss of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What cells are found in the skin during inflammation

A 
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Lymphocytes
Plasma cells
Macrophages
Mast cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where are Langerhans cells found

A

Epidermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What kind of cells are Langerhans cells

A

Dendritic cells- spine like projections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What do Langerhans cells do

A

Present antigen to CD4+ helper T cells

Pick up antigens that enter the skin and transport them to lymph nodes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do IL-17, IL-17F, IL-22 have in common

A

They all target extracellular bacteria and fungi y causing neutrophillic inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does IFN- gamma target

A

Intracellular abcteria, protozoans, viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What targets helminths

A

IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, IL-25

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What results from mast cell mediated inflammation

A

Urticaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What results from antibody mediated inflammation

A

Pemphigus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What results from immune complex mediated inflammation

A

Vasculitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What results from delayed hypersensitivity

A

Contact allergic dermatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe the steps of mast cell mediated reaction

A
  • Inhaled trigger
  • TH2 cell releases IL-4, IL-5
  • B cells release IgE antibodies which go to mast cells causing release of IL-3, IL-5
  • Goes to eosinophil
  • Release of granules
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can cause mast cell degranulation

A
  • Drugs
  • Insect sting
  • Nuts
  • Shell fish
  • House dust mite
18
Q

What mediators are released from mast cells

A

Histamine
Leukotrienens
Prostaglandins
Platelet aggregating factor

19
Q

What is the effect of mast cell granulation on

a) vascular system
b) lungs

A

a) vascular leak

b) broncho-constriction

20
Q

What is the effect of mast cell granulation on intestines

A

Intestinal hypermotility

21
Q

What are the roles of histamine (5)

A

1- Stimulate sensory nerves (itch)
2- Smooth muscle contraction (vessel leakage and oedema)
3- Arteriole dilation (headache and hypotension)
4- Modulation of immune response via H2 receptors
5- Bronchospasm

22
Q

What allergic exists in faecal pellets of dust mites

A

Der P1

23
Q

What is the action of Der P1

A

Breaks down components of tight junctions which helps it cross the mucosa

24
Q

How does anaphylaxis come about

A
  • Antigen released into blood stream
  • Binds to IgE on basophils
  • Massive release of inflammatory mediators
  • Bronchospasm and circulatory collapse
25
Q

What is cutaneous dermographism

A

When you can write on somebody

26
Q

Features of acute angioedema

A

Lower lip swelling

Uvular and tonsillar swelling

27
Q

What can be used to treat resistant urticaria and asthma

A

Omalizumab

28
Q

What antibody is involved with pemphigus vulgaris

A

IgG

29
Q

Histological signs of pemphigus vulgaris

A

Suprabasal splitting in PV

Acantholysis- loss of cohesion between keratinocytes

30
Q

How is pemphigus vulgaris treated

A

Oral steroids

Rituximab

31
Q

What happens in immune complex mediated vasculitis

A
  • fibrin deposition
  • necrosis of vessel wall
  • proteases degreade vessel BMZ
  • leaky vessel extravasation of blood and oedema
32
Q

What are the early cutaneous manifestation of vasculitis

A

Erythema and oedema

33
Q

What are the established cutaneous manifestation of vasculitis

A

Palpable purpura

34
Q

What are the severe cutaneous manifestation of vasculitis

A

Ulceration and necrosis

35
Q

What histological findings will there be in Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis

A

Fibrin in blood vessel

Nuclear dust

36
Q

What 2 cytokines promote TH1 response

A

IL-2 and IFN- gamma

37
Q

What do TH1 cells secrete

A
  • IL-2
  • IL-3
  • GM-CSF
  • IFN-g
  • TNF
38
Q

How are granulomas formed

A

Clonal T cell expansion
Secretion of TH1 cytokines
Macrophages

39
Q

What can cause granuloma formation

A
  • TB
  • Sarcoidosis
  • Foreign body granuloma
40
Q

When does an autoimmune disease occur

A

When the immune system fails to recognise the bodys own tissue as self and mounts an attack on it

LOCO 2 (25 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions