Anatomy of the heart and circulation

Question 1

What is proximal?

Answer 1

close

Question 2

What is distal?

Answer 2

further

Question 3

What is midline?

Answer 3

Mid saggital

Question 4

What is sagittal?

Answer 4

Line seperating into right and left

Question 5

What is coronal plane?

Answer 5

Line seperating into anterior and posterior

Question 6

What is a transverse plane (axial)?

Answer 6

horizontal plane

Question 7

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 7

space between the two pleural cavities

Question 8

What are the regions of the mediastinum?

Answer 8

Superior and inferior
Anterior and posterior
Middle

Question 9

What are the main vessels of the heart?

Answer 9

• Aorta
• Pulmonary trunk
• Inferior + superior vena cava
• Pulmonary vein

Question 10

What is the pericardium?

Answer 10

A fibroserous sac which surrounds the heart and its great vessels

Question 11

What are the layers of the pericardium?

Answer 11

Fibrous (outer)

Serous - consists of 2 parts, the parietal (lines the fibrous) and visceral layer (adheres to the heart)

Question 12

The pulmonary trunk

Answer 12

It bifurcates and each branch goes to either lung

Question 13

What are the branches of the aortic arch?

Answer 13

• Brachiocephalic trunk first
• Then the left common carotid artery
• Then the left subclavian artery

Question 14

What are the layers surrounding the heart?

Answer 14

1) fibrous
2) parietal
3) pericardial cavity
4) visceral

Question 15

What does common mean?

Answer 15

It divides further

Question 16

What does the brachiocephalic trunk branch into?

Answer 16

It is on the right side

- bifurcates into the right subclavian artery (body) and right common carotid artery (head)

Question 17

What does brachiocephalic mean?

Answer 17

Brachial - arms
Cephalic - head
Blood returning from the head and the upper limbs

Question 18

What are the brachiocephalic veins?

What do they join to form?

Answer 18

Right brachiocephalic - formed from the right internal jugular vein and right subclavian vein

Left brachiocephalic vein - formed from the left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

They form the SVC

Question 19

Which valves are on the right side of the heart?

Answer 19

Tricuspid valve - anterior, septal and posterior cusp

Pulmonary valve - anterior semilunar cusp, left semilunar cusp and right semilunar cusp

Question 20

Which valve is on the left side of the heart?

Answer 20

Mitral valve - anterior and posterior cusp

Question 21

Where do the coronary arteries originate?

Answer 21

Just above the aortic valve

Question 22

Where do the right and left coronary arteries originate?

Answer 22

right - above the right cusp of the aortic valve

left - above the left cusp of the aortic valve

Question 23

What are circumflex vessels?

Answer 23

Vessels that supply areas around a circumference

There are circumflex branches of the coronary arteries.

Question 24

What are coronary veins?

Answer 24

All coronary veins join into the coronary sinus which acts as a collecting duct. It delivers the blood to the right atrium The veins are named depending location, size and turns

Question 25

The conducting system of the heart

Answer 25

AP starts at the SAN - to the atria via the Bachman’s bundle and internodal tracts. It gets to the AVN and then down the bundle branches and to the ventricles via conduction pathways.