2 - Cells of the Nervous System Flashcards
give some features of neurons (organelles)
highly organised metabolically active cell
large nucleus prominent nucleolus abundant rER well developed golgi abundant mitochondria highly organised cytoskeleton
Are dendrites the input or output for information?
input - receives incoming information
Where are there large numbers of purkinje cells?
cerebellum
What are axons used for?
(output)
How many axons are there per cell?
only 1
When axons branch after leaving the cell body, what is this called?
axon collaterals
Why are intermediate filaments needed in the axons?
needed for tensile strength and tom maintain diameter
Describe fast axonal transport of proteins from the soma to the synapse
- proteins that are destined to go to the same place are packaged in a vesicle
- the vesicles associated with microtubules using adhesion proteins (they have motor proteins that use ATP to move down the microtubules)
- the microtubules are polarised so the vesicles only move in one direction
What are the morphological subtypes of neurones?
- pseudo unipolar
- bipolar
- Golgi type I multipolar
- Golgi type II multipolar
Usually, what kind of neurones are pseudo unipolar?
Where is the signal passed to in these neurons?
sensory
signal passes directly to the axon terminal (without going through the soma)
Where are bipolar neurons found?
white matter of the cerebral cortex
What is the properties of the axons and dendrites of Golgi type 1 multipolar neurons?
Give some examples
long axons
high branched dendrites
pyramidal cells - cerebral cortex
purkinje cells - cerebellum
anterior horn cells of the spinal chord
retinal ganglionic cells
What is the properties of the axons and dendrites of Golgi type 2 multipolar neurons?
Give some examples
high branched dendritic trees
short axons - terminate close to the soma body
e.g. stellate cells of the cerebral cortex and cerebellum
What are neuroglia?
support cells of the nervous system
e.g. astoglia oligodenrodlia microglia ependymal cells schwann cells
What kind of junctions are there between astrocytes and what does this suggest?
gap junction - suggest signalling between them. and allows ion movement
