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BIOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE > Perception > Flashcards

Perception Flashcards

1
Q

What is featural analysis?

A

Recognition of a whole object depends on its features

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2
Q

What is template matching?

A

Every object, event or other stimulus we encounter and want to derive meaning from is compared to some previously stored template

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3
Q

In terms of Marr’s theory, what is primal sketch?

A

2D sketch description of main light-intensity changes of a visual stimulus, includes info about edges, contours & blobs

Observer centred

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4
Q

In terms of Marr’s theory what is 2 1/2 D sketch?

A

Shading, texture, binocular disparity and very basic info about depth

Observer centred

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5
Q

In terms of Marr’s theory what is 3D model representation?

A

3D aspects of an objects shape

Viewpoint invariant

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6
Q

What is Bierdermans Recognition-by-component theory suggesting about how object perception is achieved?

What are they called?

A

Object perception is achieved via volumetric primitives

Geons

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7
Q

How many geons?

A

36

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8
Q

What is the whole picture?

A

A perceptual or structure possessing qualities as a whole that cannot be described merely in subparts

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9
Q

What are GESTALT principles?

FCCPSC

A 
Figure and ground 
Closure 
Continuity
Proximity 
Similarity 
Common fate
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10
Q

What is common fate?

A

Elements are likely to be perceived as a unit if they move together e.g. Flock of birds

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11
Q

What is similarity?

What are dissimilar objects thought of as?

A

Object look similar to one another people perceive them as a group or pattern e.g. A sigil

Anomaly

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12
Q

What is continuity?

A

When the eye is compelled to move through one object and continue through another e.g. A curve

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13
Q

What is closure?

A

When an object is not completed we fill in the gaps e.g. WWF Panda

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14
Q

What is proximity?

A

When objects are placed close together they are perceived as a group

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15
Q

What is figure and ground?

A

The eye differentiates an object from its surrounding area a shape is perceived as figure surrounding area is background

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16
Q

What did Davenport and Potter find?

A 
Inconsistent objects (priest/
Rugby player) and inconsistent background (church/playing field) were less accurate than consistent
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17
Q

What is top down processing?

A

How our brains make use of info brought into brain by one or more sensory systems

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18
Q

What is prototype matching?

A

An extant match between the stimulus and template is not required only an approximate match

19
Q

What is a prototype?

A

Abstract forms representing the basic elements of a set stimuli

20
Q

What makes objects become more salient in the environment?

A

Joint attention between caregiver and infant

21
Q

Taylor found New Guinea have two terms, what are they?

A

Mola- white, red, orange, yellow, pink, purple

Mill- black, blue, green

22
Q

What do many languages not have?

A

Separate terms for green and blue but one term

23
Q

How many Berlin and Kay’s universal colour terms were there?

What did Berlin and Kay argue their study suggest?

A

11 basic colour terms (monolexemic)

Different native speakers can perceive the world the same way

24
Q

What did Roberson find about grue?

A

Distinguished less between green and blue squares

25
Q

What is the dorsal stream?

A

Where stream

26
Q

What is the ventral stream?

A

What stream

27
Q

What is the pathway of the dorsal (where) stream?

What is it responsible for?

A

V1 ➡️V2 ➡️ dorsomedial area ➡️

V5 ➡️ inferior parietal lobules

Processing motion, representation of object locations, control of eyes and arms, especially hand eye coordination

28
Q

What is the ventral stream (what) pathway?

Responsible for what?

A

V1 ⏩ V2 ⏩ V4 ⏩ inferior temporal cortex

Form recognition and object representation, storage of LTM

29
Q

What did damage to ventral area cause?

A

Incapable of pattern discrimination, but coordination in tact

30
Q

What did dorsal damage cause?

A

Able to discriminate patterns but unable to navigate themselves

31
Q

What did Haxby et al. find the dorsal route was strongly activated for?

What was the ventral route strongly activated for?

A

Location task

Faces task

32
Q

What do newborns prefer?

What are prefer top heavy or normal upright faces?

A

Geometrical non-face like stimuli with more elements in the upper part of stimuli over more in the lower

Upright

33
Q

Is there a specific area for face in brain?

A

Yep, Fusiform face area

Parahippocampal gyri

34
Q

What is face recognition governed by
A. Configural info
B. Featural info
C. Both configural and featural

A

Both configural and featural

35
Q

Thatcher illusion (Thompson) suggests what?

A

We process faces as whole (configural) objects but also take into account their features (featural)

36
Q

What is Pragnanz law?

A

People will interpret things in their simplest forms

37
Q

Face inversion effect?

A

Faces are harder to recognise when upside down (inverted)

38
Q

Uniform connectedness?

A

Objects connected in some way e.g. Same colour, linked by likes are thought to be single (more connected than others)

39
Q

What is a visual buffer

A

A short-term visual memory store (Kosslyn)

40
Q

Reversible figure

A

Duck/goose

41
Q

Feature binding

A

Integrating an objects various properties into a coherent shape

42
Q

Selectivity

A

Very careful when choosing

43
Q

Invariance

A

To remain unchanged regardless of changes in conditions

44
Q

Tacit knowledge

A

We can know more than we can tell, knowledge that cannot be articulated via verbal means

BIOLOGICAL AND COGNITIVE (13 decks)

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