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Z First Aid Bonus > Psychoactive Drug Intoxication And Withdrawal > Flashcards

Psychoactive Drug Intoxication And Withdrawal Flashcards

1
Q

Name the Depressants (4)

A

Alcohol, Opioids, Barbiturates, Benzodiazapines

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2
Q

General depressant intoxication

A

Mood elevation, decreased anxiety, sedation, behavioral disinhibition, respiratory depression

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3
Q

General depressant withdrawal

A

Anxiety, tremor, seizures, insomnia

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4
Q

Alcohol intoxication

A

Emotional lability, slurred speech, ataxia, coma, blackouts

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5
Q

Serum indicator of alcohol use

A

Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT)

AST= x2 ALT

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Mild: anxiety, tremors, seizures, insomnia
Severe: autonomic hyperactivity (tachycardia, hypertension), malaise, nausea, delirium tremens

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7
Q

Complications of alcoholism

A

Alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatitis, pancreatitis, peripheral neuropathy, testicular atrophy

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8
Q

Treatments for alcoholism

A

Disulfiram- condition to abstain
Acamprosate, Naltrexone
AA groups

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9
Q

What is the triad of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

Confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia

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10
Q

Cause and treatment of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

A

Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Tx: IV vitamin B1

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11
Q

Symptoms of Korsakoff syndrome

A

Irreversible memory loss, confabulation, personality change

Associated with periventricular hemorrhage and necrosis of mammillary bodies

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12
Q

What is the timing of Delirium Tremens?

A

2-4 days after the last drink

Typically occurs in the hospital setting

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13
Q

Symptoms and treatment of Delirium Tremens

A

Tachycardia, tremors, anxiety, seizures, agitation

Tx: Benzodiazapines

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14
Q

What is alcoholic hallucinosis?

A

Visual hallucinations 12-48 hours after last drink

Tx: Benzodiazapines

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15
Q

Name 3 clinical CNS stimulants

A

Methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine, methamphetamine

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16
Q

Mechanism and clinical use of CNS stimulants

A

Increase NE and dopamine in synaptic cleft

ADHD, appetite control, narcolepsy

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17
Q

Opioid intoxication

A

Euphoria, respiratory and CNS depression, miosis, seizures, decreased gag reflex

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18
Q

Most common drug in overdose death

A

Opioids

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19
Q

Treatment of opioid overdose

A

Naloxone, Naltrexone

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20
Q

Opioid withdrawal

A

Anxious, hot, moist, yawning, mydriasis
Fever, sweating, piloerection
Rhinorrhea, nausea, diarrhea
Flu like symptoms

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21
Q

Treatment of opioid withdrawal

A

Long term support

Methadone, Buprenorphine

22
Q

Barbiturate intoxication

A

Respiratory depression, low safety margin

23
Q

Treatment for barbiturate intoxication

A

Supportive management: Increase BP, assist respiration

24
Q

Barbiturate withdrawal

A

Delirium, cardiovascular collapse

25
Q

Benzodiazepine intoxication

A

Ataxia, minor respiratory depression, safer than barbiturates

26
Q

Treatment for benzodiazepine intoxication

A

Flumazenil- benzodiazepine receptor antagonist

Can precipitate seizures

27
Q

Benzodiazepine withdrawal

A

Sleep disturbance, depression, rebound anxiety, seizures

28
Q

Stimulants (4)

A

Amphetamines, Cocaine, Caffeine, Nicotine

29
Q

General stimulant intoxication

A

Mood elevation, psychomotor agitation, insomnia, cardiac arrhythmias, tachycardia, anxiety

30
Q

General stimulant withdrawal

A

Post use crash, depression, lethargy, increased appetite, sleep disturbances, vivid nightmares

31
Q

Amphetamine intoxication

A

Euphoria, grandiosity, mydriasis, alertness, HTN, tachycardia, anorexia, paranoia, fever
Severe: cardiac arrest, seizures

32
Q

Treatment for amphetamine intoxication

A

benzodiazepines for agitation and seizures

33
Q

Cocaine intoxication

A

Mydriasis, impaired judgement, hallucinations (tactile), paranoia, angina, sudden cardiac death

34
Q

Treatment for cocaine intoxication

A

Alpha blockers, benzodiazepines

NO beta blockers

35
Q

Caffeine intoxication

A

Restlessness, increased diuresis, muscle twitching

36
Q

Caffeine withdrawal

A

Headaches, difficulty concentrating, flu like symptoms

37
Q

Nicotine intoxication and withdrawal

A

Intoxication- restlessness

Withdrawal- irritable, anxiety, restless, difficulty concentrating

38
Q

Treatment for nicotine use

A

Nicotine patch, gum, lozenges

Bupropion, Varenicline

39
Q

Heroin addiction complications

A

Hepatitis, HIV, abscesses, bacteremia, right heart endocarditis

40
Q

Treatment of Heroin addiction

A

Methadone- long acting opioid agonist- detox or long term maintenance
Naloxone and Buprenorphine- antagonist and partial agonist
Naltrexone- long acting antagonist- relapse prevention after detox is completed

41
Q

Mallory- Weiss Syndrome

A

Partial thickness tear at gastroesophageal junction
Due to excessive/forceful vomiting
Hematemesis

Misdiagnosed as ruptured esophageal varices

42
Q

Hallucinogens (4)

A

Phencyclidine, Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), Marijuana, MDMA (ecstasy)

43
Q

Phencyclidine intoxication

A

Violence, impulsivity, psychomotor agitation, nystagmus, tachycardia, psychosis, delirium, seizures

Usually complicated by trauma

44
Q

Phencyclidine intoxication treatment

A

Benzodiazepines, rapid acting anti-psychotic

45
Q

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) intoxication

A

Visual/auditory perceptual distortion, depersonalization, anxiety, paranoia, psychosis, possible flashbacks

46
Q

Marijuana (cannabinoid) intoxication

A

Euphoria, anxiety, paranoid delusions, perception of slowed time, impaired judgement, social withdrawal, increased appetite, dry mouth, conjunctival injection, hallucinations

47
Q

Pharmaceutical form of marijuana

A

Dronabinol- tetrahydrocannabinol isomer
Antiemetic, appetite stimulant
For Chemotherapy side effects and AIDS patients

48
Q

Marijuana withdrawal

A

Irritable, anxiety, depression, insomnia, restless, decreased appetite
Detectable in urine for up to a month

49
Q

MDMA (ecstasy) intoxication

A

Hallucinogenic stimulant
Euphoria, disinhibition, hyperactivity
HTN, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hyponatremia, serotonin syndrome

50
Q

MDMA withdrawal

A

Depression, fatigue, change in appetite, difficulty concentrating, anxiety

Z First Aid Bonus (6 decks)

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